Modelling Urban Tree Growth and Ecosystem Services: Review and Perspectives

Rötzer, Thomas; Moser-Reischl, Astrid; Rahman, Mohammad A.; Grote, Rüdiger; Pauleit, Stephan; Pretzsch, Hans

doi:10.1007/124_2020_46

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…For the cooling effect through transpiration of trees depending on their age, we use a function based on Rötzer et al (2019Rötzer et al ( , 2020a; see equation in the last row of Table 1). The equation is based on studies of tree species in German cities and calculations using the growth model CityTree (Rötzer et al 2019).…”

Section: Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The respective broken lines in the middle are based on the parameters given in Table 1 and represent the default relationships model simulates growth and ecosystem services in a processoriented manner, i.e. depending on the environmental conditions (Rötzer et al 2020b). Ecosystem services such as transpiration are calculated for individual trees depending on age and tree species on the basis of average monthly climate conditions for urban regions.…”

Section: Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison between the provision of tree numbers of different ages and ecosystem services underlines how much tree age and especially tree size matters. Despite the increasing dropout and the lowering tree numbers with progressing age, old trees are most relevant for all considered structures, functions, and related ecosystem services (McPherson et al 2013;Rötzer 2021;Rötzer et al 2020a). Many studies have demonstrated that large old trees can provide up to 10 times more ecosystem services in comparison to young trees.…”

Section: The Potential Of the Model For Indication And Management Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This applies e.g. for carbon storage (Rötzer 2021;Rötzer et al 2020a) and also for shading and pollution removal that both strongly depend on leaf area and crown size (Hofman et al 2016;Rahman et al 2019;Simon et al 2018). Tree crown size does not linearly increase with tree age (such as assumed for diameter) (Pretzsch et al 2015;Rötzer et al 2020b) and thus the relationship between age and some services may probably be characterized by saturation.…”

Section: The Potential Of the Model For Indication And Management Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards sustainable management of the stock and ecosystem services of urban trees. From theory to model and application

Pretzsch

Moser-Reischl

Rahman

et al. 2021

Trees

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Key message A model for sustainable planning of urban tree stocks is proposed, incorporating growth, mortality, replacement rates and ecosystem service provision, providing a basis for planning of urban tree stocks. Abstract Many recent studies have improved the knowledge about urban trees, their structures, functions, and ecosystem services. We introduce a concept and model for the sustainable management of urban trees, analogous to the concept of sustainable forestry developed by Carl von Carlowitz and others. The main drivers of the model are species-specific tree diameter growth functions and mortality rates. Based on the initial tree stock and options for the annual replanting, the shift of the distribution of the number of trees per age class can be predicted with progressing time. Structural characteristics such as biomass and leaf area are derived from tree dimensions that can be related to functions such as carbon sequestration or cooling. To demonstrate the potential of the dynamic model, we first show how different initial stocks of trees can be quantitatively assessed by sustainability indicators compared to a target stock. Second, we derive proxy variables for ecosystem services (e.g. biomass for carbon sequestration, leaf area for deposition and shading) from a given distribution of the number of trees per age class. Third, we show by scenario analyses how selected ecosystem services and functions may be improved by combining complementary tree species. We exercise one aspect (cooling) of one ecosystem service (temperature mitigation) as an example. The approach integrates mosaic pieces of knowledge about urban trees, their structures, functions, and resulting ecosystem services. The presented model makes this knowledge available for a sustainable management of urban tree stocks. We discuss the potential and relevance of the developed concept and model for ecologically and economically sustainable planning and management, in view of progressing urbanization and environmental changes.

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Section: Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Potential Of the Model For Indication And Management Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Potential Of the Model For Indication And Management Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Towards sustainable management of the stock and ecosystem services of urban trees. From theory to model and application

Pretzsch

Moser-Reischl

Rahman

et al. 2021

Trees

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the past, the growth model estimation method has been integrated with the CITYgreen model, i-Tree model, etc. Because the CITYgreen model focuses on the overall environmental elements, it is applied more widely to the assessment of planar urban forests; however, the i-Tree model focuses more on the evaluation of individual trees under urban conditions, so it is used more frequently in study street trees [16,17]. According to the calculation process and principles of the aforementioned commonly used methods, it is found that the existing research on the estimation of the low-carbon contribution of street trees mainly considers their carbon sequestration contribution, while less focus is paid to the contribution of the regulation function, which can indirectly reduce carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Ecosystem Services of Shanghai Urban–Suburban Street Trees Based on Low-Carbon Targets

et al. 2021

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Road traffic carbon emissions are an important cause of global warming, and street trees play an important role in regulating road carbon emissions. During urbanization, major differences in the planting management modes and growth status of the street trees in urban–suburban gradient may exist, leading to significant differences in the low-carbon values of the street trees in urban–suburban gradient. Based on this, this study took two typical urban–suburban gradient zones in Shanghai as an example to analyze the changes in the characteristics of street tree species, planting density, tree sizes, and low-carbon contribution with urban and rural changes, and proposed strategies for optimizing the low-carbon contribution of urban street trees. The results showed that, from the inner ring to the outer ring and the suburban ring, the proportion of London plane tree gradually changed from 82% to 11%, and the proportion of the camphor tree gradually changed from 9% to 70%; the average DBH of the trees gradually decreased from 28.81 to 23.74 cm. The number of plantings per unit road length gradually increased, and the number of plantings per unit area gradually decreased; therefore, the average low-carbon contribution of urban–suburban street trees is not significant, but the low-carbon contribution of upper street trees per unit area is higher, and suburban unit street trees have a higher low-carbon contribution. Finally, this article proposes different optimization strategies for future urban micro-renewal and suburban new-city construction.

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