Modelling the time–temperature relationship in cold injury and effect of high‐temperature interruptions on survival in a chill‐sensitive collembolan

Nedvěd, Oldřich; Lavy, D.; Verhoef, H.A.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00250.x

Cited by 115 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The increase in LTs0 with duration of exposure in some treatments followed the exponential squared pattern found earlier in a chrysomelid beetle Oulema melanopus (Casagrande & Haynes, 1986), not the day-degree pattern found in the collembolan Orchesella cincta (Nedvěd, 1998;Nedvěd et al, 1998). On the other hand, survival of larvae of P. apterus followed the day-degree pattern (Haně, 1998;Haně &Nedvěd, 1999).…”

Section: Supercooling and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 53%

Cold hardiness of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) from central and southern Europe

Kalushkov¹,

Nedvěd²

2000

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The cold hardiness of individuals from overwintering populations of a freeze susceptible bug Pyrrhocoris apterus from central and southern Europe differed significantly. Supercooling point (SCP) correlated well with both lethal temperature (LT50) and lethal time (Lt50), and is a good index of cold hardiness of adults during and after diapause. In January, diapause terminated, but cold hardiness was similar to that recorded in November; cold hardiness decreased slightly in March and markedly in May. Short expo sure (less than a week) to higher temperatures before termination of diapause did not reduce the cold hardiness. Cold hardiness did not closely follow air temperatures.The Bulgarian bugs retained lower cold hardiness regardless of acclimation to harsh field condi tions in the Czech Republic. The interpopulation difference is therefore a heritable character representing an adjustment to local cli mates.

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Section: Supercooling and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 53%

Cold hardiness of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) from central and southern Europe

Kalushkov¹,

Nedvěd²

2000

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…In addition, we transferred fully grown 15°C-acclimated larvae to a FTR where temperature oscillated daily: 6°C∕11°C (12 h∕12 h) under constant darkness for 3 d (treatment iii.). Under an FTR, most larvae were in a dormant state (quiescence) with their development halted and chill injury and mortality of larvae was prevented (23)(24)(25). We examined the capacity for freeze tolerance in D. melanogaster larvae under various treatments, by assessing their ability to survive after being gradually frozen to −5°C in the presence of surrounding ice and then gradually melted (see Materials and Methods for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of the chill susceptible fruit fly larva ( Drosophila melanogaster ) to a freeze tolerant organism

Košťál

Šimek

Zahradníčková

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

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Among vertebrates, only a few species of amphibians and reptiles tolerate the formation of ice crystals in their body fluids. Freeze tolerance is much more widespread in invertebrates, especially in overwintering insects. Evolutionary adaptations for freeze tolerance are considered to be highly complex. Here we show that surprisingly simple laboratory manipulations can change the chill susceptible insect to the freeze tolerant one. Larvae of Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly of tropical origin with a weak innate capacity to tolerate mild chilling, can survive when approximately 50% of their body water freezes. To achieve this goal, synergy of two fundamental prerequisites is required: (i) shutdown of larval development by exposing larvae to low temperatures (dormancy) and (ii) incorporating the free amino acid proline in tissues by feeding larvae a proline-augmented diet (cryopreservation).insect cold tolerance | long-term storage | metabolomics | cryoprotection | quiescence T he vast majority of insect lineages and species evolved, diversified, and recently live in warm lowland tropics, where seasonal and daily temperatures fluctuate little. This scenario is also true for the genus Drosophila, which contains almost 1,500 described species (1) including a common model of modern biology, the fruit fly Drosophila (Sophophora) melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) (fruit fly in further text). The ancestral members of this genus were adapted to warm temperatures (2), and most of the extant species still have tropical and/or subtropical distributions and are chill susceptible (3). The immature development of D. melanogaster halts at temperatures below 10°C (4), chill injury occurs below 6°C (5), and all developmental stages die when chilled (supercooled) below −5°C for just a few hours (6). The ability to tolerate freezing; i.e., formation of ice crystals in body fluids, is unknown in any Drosophila species (2, 5).Numerous insect lineages, including some drosophilid flies, colonized colder environments in higher altitudes or temperate and polar regions. Such lineages had to overcome selection pressures of shorter growing season, exaggerated daily temperature fluctuations, and seasonal drop of temperatures below the physiological thresholds for activity, growth, and development (7). It is now widely accepted that cold adaptation in insects is highly complex and requires adjustments at all levels of biological organization (8-16). Supercooling and freeze tolerance are two main strategies that help insects to cope with the risk of water freezing in a cryothermic state. While the capacity for supercooling seems to be basal in cold-adapted arthropod lineages, freeze tolerance probably converged in several groups in response to either severe Arctic winters or unpredictable subzero temperature events typical of cold habitats in the southern hemisphere (17, 18). For example, larvae of subarctic drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata (Zetterstedt, 1838) are extremely freeze tolerant and may even survive after submergence in liquid nitro...

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“…To estimate LLt, a similar approach to LLT is taken, but with exposures to a set temperature across a range of pre-determined times. Ultimately, LLT and LLt are both important information: for most species, thermal tolerance is a temperature-time surface (see Nedvěd, 1998;Nedvěd et al, 1998), which has seldom been fully parameterized.…”

Section: Estimating Lower Lethal Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

Sinclair

Alvarado

Ferguson

2015

Journal of Thermal Biology

298

326

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Insect performance is limited by the temperature of the environment, and in temperate, polar, and alpine regions, the majority of insects must face the challenge of exposure to low temperatures. The physiological response to cold exposure shapes the ability of insects to survive and thrive in these environments, and can be measured, without great technical difficulty, for both basic and applied research. For example, understanding insect cold tolerance allows us to predict the establishment and spread of insect pests and biological control agents. Additionally, the discipline provides the tools for drawing physiological comparisons among groups in wider studies that may not be focused primarily on the ability of insects to survive the cold. Thus, the study of insect cold tolerance is of a broad interest, and several reviews have addressed the theories and advances in the field. Here, however, we aim to clarify and provide rationale for common practices used to study cold tolerance, as a starter's guide for newcomers to the field, students, and those wishing to incorporate cold tolerance into a broader study. We cover the 'tried and true' measures of insect cold tolerance, the equipment necessary for these measurement, and summarize the ecological and biological significance of each. Additionally, we provide a suggested framework and workflow for measuring cold tolerance and low temperature performance in insects.

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Modelling the time–temperature relationship in cold injury and effect of high‐temperature interruptions on survival in a chill‐sensitive collembolan

Cited by 115 publications

References 32 publications

Cold hardiness of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) from central and southern Europe

Cold hardiness of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) from central and southern Europe

Conversion of the chill susceptible fruit fly larva ( Drosophila melanogaster ) to a freeze tolerant organism

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

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