Modelling the rejection of N-nitrosamines by a spiral-wound reverse osmosis system: Mathematical model development and validation

Abstract

Modelling the rejection of N-nitrosamines by a spiral-wound reverse osmosis Modelling the rejection of N-nitrosamines by a spiral-wound reverse osmosis system: mathematical model development and validation system: mathematical model development and validation

Validating the rejection of trace organic chemicals by reverse osmosis membranes using a pilot-scale system

“…As a result, theoretical estimations of expected TrOC rejection have been suggested based on experimental results and the qualitative prediction framework by Bellona et al [8]. Rigorous mathematic [9,10] and artificial neural network [11] models have also been developed to predict and simulate the rejection of TrOCs by LPRO membranes under a range of operating conditions. However, the availability of these predictive tools does not replace the need to experimentally validate the rejection of TrOCs if they are not routinely monitored in potable water recycling applications.…”

“…The system recovery was maintained at 25% for all experiments. It is noteworthy that full-scale RO plants are operated at up to 85% water recovery [14] and the increase in system recovery can decrease solute rejection [9]. Following experiments described above, chemical cleaning was conducted using NaOH solution (pH 11-11.5).…”

“…N-nitrosamines) that were evaluated by RO membranes (i.e. ESPA2 and TFC-HR) using the same pilot-scale system [9,23]. N-nitrosamines are uncharged and generally hydrophilic at the environment pH (e.g.…”

“…Although full-scale RO systems deployed for water recycling applications commonly employ a similar average flux of 17-21 L/m 2 h [14], a large variation in local permeate flux (e.g. 10-25 L/m 2 h) in an RO stage can also be expected [9]. Changes in these operating conditions including permeate flux and feed temperature may exert a considerable influence on the rejection of TrOCs by LPRO membrane [28].…”

Modeling of a spiral-wound reverse osmosis process and parameter estimation

“…For example, Ahmad et al [17] have developed a one-dimensional model to consider the solute-solute interactions in a multi-component system for a nanofiltration process. While, Fujioka et al [18] have developed a one-dimensional model for a spiralwound RO process by assuming zero pressure on the permeate side and they have validated this against experimental data of N-nitrosamine rejection.…”