Modelling the internal structure of nascent soot particles

Totton, Tim S.; Chakrabarti, Dwaipayan; Misquitta, Alston J.; Sander, Markus; Wales, David J.; Kraft, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.11.013

Cited by 128 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…On-line ELPI and AE-33 (at 880 nm) measurements made it possible to investigate BC/PN and BC/PM 10 correlations. In order to quantify the black carbon fraction in total PM 10 particle mass, PM 10 was estimated from ELPI data assuming that the particles were spherical with a particle density of 1.2 g/cm 3 (Totton et al, 2010;Barone et al, 2011). The correlations between black carbon and particle number/mass emissions for Diesel and gasoline vehicles are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Pn Bc and No 2 Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAH, BTEX, carbonyl compound, black-carbon, NO2 and ultrafine particle dynamometer bench emissions for Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesel and gasoline passenger cars

Louis

Liu²,

Tassel³

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Pn Bc and No 2 Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAH, BTEX, carbonyl compound, black-carbon, NO2 and ultrafine particle dynamometer bench emissions for Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesel and gasoline passenger cars

Louis

Liu²,

Tassel³

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Even for mature soot, its properties are subject to large uncertainties (Michelsen et al 2007). Some attention has been paid to the mass density of young soot in several recent studies Camacho et al 2015;L opez-Yglesias et al 2014;Totton et al 2010). While Totton et al (2010) recommended a very low value of 1.12 g/cm 3 for incipient soot density, a higher value of 1.5 g/cm 3 was preferred by Zhao et al (2007) and Camacho et al (2015) for the density of newly formed incipient soot.…”

Section: Thermal and Optical Properties Of Incipient Sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some attention has been paid to the mass density of young soot in several recent studies Camacho et al 2015;L opez-Yglesias et al 2014;Totton et al 2010). While Totton et al (2010) recommended a very low value of 1.12 g/cm 3 for incipient soot density, a higher value of 1.5 g/cm 3 was preferred by Zhao et al (2007) and Camacho et al (2015) for the density of newly formed incipient soot. It is noticed that the value of 1.5 g/cm 3 seems more reasonable based on the consideration that the mass densities of soot precursors are around 1.3 g/cm 3 (1.27 g/cm 3 for pyrene and 1.35 g/cm 3 for benzopyrene).…”

Section: Thermal and Optical Properties Of Incipient Sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the size of the incandescent incipient soot particles in premixed sooting and nucleation flames of n-butane using LII, HIM, and 1 nm-SMPS

Betrancourt

Liu

Desgroux

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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(2017) Investigation of the size of the incandescent incipient soot particles in premixed sooting and nucleation flames of nbutane using LII, HIM, and 1 nm-SMPS, Aerosol Science and Technology, 51:8, 916-935, DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2017 Laser-induced incandescence (LII) measurements were conducted to explore the ability of LII to detect small soot particles of less than 10 nm in two sooting flat premixed flames of n-butane: a socalled nucleation flame obtained at a threshold equivalence ratio F D 1.75, in which the incipient soot particles undergo only minor soot surface growth along the flame, and a more sooting flame at F D 1.95. Size measurements were obtained by modeling the time-resolved LII signals detected using 1064 nm laser excitation. Spectrally-resolved LII signals collected in the nucleation flame display a similar blackbody-like behavior as mature soot. Soot particle temperature was determined from spectrally-resolved detection. LII modeling was conducted using parameters either relevant to those of mature soot or derived from fitting the modeled results to the experimental LII data. Particle size measurements were also carried out using (1) ex situ analysis by helium-ion microscopy (HIM) of particles sampled thermophoretically and (2) online size distribution analysis of microprobe-sampled particles using a 1 nm-SMPS. The size distributions of the incipient soot particles, found in the nucleation flame and in the early soot region of the F D 1.95 flame, derived from time-resolved LII signals are in good agreement with HIM and 1 nm-SMPS measurements and are in the range of 2-4 nm. The thermal and optical properties of incipient soot were found to be not radically different from those of mature soot commonly used in LII modeling. This explains the ability of incipient soot particles to produce continuous thermal emissions in the visible spectrum. This study demonstrates that LII is a promising in situ optical particle sizing technique that is capable of detecting incipient soot as small as about 2.5 nm and potentially 2 nm and resolving small changes in soot sizes below 10 nm.

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“…Soot morphology has been studied numerically [27,48,62] and experimentally [22] for decades but understanding the processes that determine the morphology remains a very challenging and complex problem. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often invoked as key precursors to soot formation [10,44,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent melting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon nano-clusters: A molecular dynamics study

Chen

Totton

Akroyd

et al. 2014

Carbon

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Modelling the internal structure of nascent soot particles

Cited by 128 publications

References 32 publications

PAH, BTEX, carbonyl compound, black-carbon, NO2 and ultrafine particle dynamometer bench emissions for Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesel and gasoline passenger cars

PAH, BTEX, carbonyl compound, black-carbon, NO2 and ultrafine particle dynamometer bench emissions for Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesel and gasoline passenger cars

Investigation of the size of the incandescent incipient soot particles in premixed sooting and nucleation flames of n-butane using LII, HIM, and 1 nm-SMPS

Size-dependent melting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon nano-clusters: A molecular dynamics study

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