Modelling the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Australia

Razali, Karina; Thein, Hla-Hla; Bell, Jane C.; Cooper-Stanbury, Mark; Dolan, Kate; Dore, Greg; George, Jacob; Kaldor, John; Karvelas, Maria; Li, Jiong; Maher, Lisa; McGregor, Sharyn; Hellard, Margaret; Poeder, Fiona; Quaine, Julianne; Stewart, Kim; Tyrrell, Helen E.J.; Weltman, Martin; Westcott, Owen; Wodak, Alex; Law, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.026

Cited by 121 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Admission rates were highest in young adults, especially females, reflecting the fact that young IDUs are more likely to engage in riskier behavior and the greater proportion of females amongst young IDUs [19]. The decline in illicit drug-related admissions in 2000-2002 is coincident with the reduction in heroin availability in Australia [20] which is considered to have resulted in a decline in IDU [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hospital-related morbidity in people notified with hepatitis C: A population-based record linkage study in New South Wales, Australia

Gidding

Amin

Dore

et al. 2010

Journal of Hepatology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hospital-related morbidity in people notified with hepatitis C: A population-based record linkage study in New South Wales, Australia

Gidding

Amin

Dore

et al. 2010

Journal of Hepatology

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“…IDUs are the population most at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the developed world (11). In countries such as the USA, Canada and Australia, where the highest seroprevalence is among middle-aged people, injection drug use accounts for 68% to 80% of current infections (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street‐drug users

Bruneau

Roy

Arruda³

et al. 2012

Addiction

154

129

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Aims: The study objectives were to examine trends in prescription opioid (PO) injection and to assess its association with HCV seroconversion among injection drug users (IDUs), accounting for other risk factors.Design and Setting: A prospective cohort study of IDUs was carried out between 2004 and 2009 in Montreal, Canada.Participants and Measurements: 246 HCV-negative IDUs were included in this analysis. Semiannual visits included HCV antibody testing and an interview-administered questionnaire assessing risk behaviours. HCV incidence rate was calculated using the person-time method.Time-updated Cox regression models were conducted to examine predictors of HCV incidence.Findings: The proportion of IDUs reporting PO injection increased from 21% to 75% between 2004 and 2009 (p < 0.001). Of the 246 participants (81.6% male; mean age 34.5 years; mean follow-up time 23 months), 83 seroconverted to HCV (incidence rate: 17.9 per 100 person-years; 95% CI 14.3, 22.1). PO injectors were more likely to become infected if they did not use injection heroin (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR): 2.9 (95% CI: 1.5, 5.5)), whereas the association was not statistically significant for participants who reported using both drugs (AHR: 1.2 (95%CI: 0.6, 2.3). Other independent predictors of HCV incidence were: cocaine injection, recent incarceration, and > 30 injections per month.Conclusion: PO injection has increased rapidly in recent years, and appears to be an important risk factor for HCV acquisition. Our results suggest that the risks related to PO injection may be conditioned by specific drug practices which differ from those of heroin users.

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“…In Australia the prevalence rate of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) is approximately 1%, with a spontaneous clearance in only a quarter of new cases. 1 More than 80% of HCV transmission in Australia now occurs through sharing of injecting drug equipment. 2 Unfortunately, despite the existence of a nationally accepted minimum standard and a regulatory framework for infection control, 3,4 HCV infection still occurs in health care settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of hepatitis C virus to recipients of parenteral vitamin therapy in a primary care facility

Smedley

Stelzer-Braid

Ressler

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Modelling the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Australia

Cited by 121 publications

References 32 publications

Hospital-related morbidity in people notified with hepatitis C: A population-based record linkage study in New South Wales, Australia

Hospital-related morbidity in people notified with hepatitis C: A population-based record linkage study in New South Wales, Australia

The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street‐drug users

Transmission of hepatitis C virus to recipients of parenteral vitamin therapy in a primary care facility

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