Modelling Sustainable Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Based on the EKC Hypothesis for Africa’s Ten Most Popular Tourist Destinations

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to examine how tourism, GDP, renewable energy, and fossil fuels cause environmental damage. This study examined ten African countries between 1997 and 2021 to test the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory. Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania, Tunisia, Mauritius, Ghana, Uganda, and Nigeria are the ten African countries with the most tourists. In this paper, the augmented mean group (AMG), mean group (MG), and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) models were used to deal with slope heterogeneity (SH), cross-sectional dependence (CSD), and a mix of first-differenced and level stationary variables. Though the inverted U-shaped exists, the findings are significant only for MG. The impact of renewable energy is favorable for the environment and significant for the AMG estimator. Inversely, impact of tourist arrivals and fossil fuels are detrimental for environment and significant. Based on the findings for each country, the tourism-based EKC theory only works for Kenya, Egypt, and Tanzania. The research found that using more renewable energy minimizes CO2 emissions more effectively in almost all countries except Morocco and Ghana. Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda’s CO2 emissions increase when more tourists come from other countries. For the sake of both tourism and the environment, the government must reconsider its tourism policies and implement ones that include renewable energy. The findings of this study assist in the transition to clean energy, aiding in sustainable tourism growth. As a result, selected countries should develop a new tourism plan that focuses on renewable energy sources and protects the environment.

Strategies to Control Industrial Emissions: An Analytical Network Process Approach in East Java, Indonesia

“…In line with earlier findings, Indonesian regulators and policymakers have noted that the government plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions by issuing appropriate regulations, introducing instruments (policies) to promote alternative energies [56], setting emission limits, designing a regulatory framework [63], proposing reforms [7], and overseeing pricing strategies. Officials at the Environment Agency of East Java (DLH) believe that efforts to create a conducive environment for companies to encourage new investments in cleaner energies and better technologies are already in place, similar to earlier findings [32,64]. Environmental experts believe that monitoring is necessary because success depends on the capacity of authorities to implement and ensure that companies follow established regulations.…”

Exploring the Factors behind Renewable Energy Consumption in Indonesia: Analyzing the Impact of Corruption and Innovation using ARDL Model

“…Investment in renewable energy R&D, production, and distribution can increase with GDP. Improved efficiency and lower costs for renewable energy technologies are needed to compete with fossil fuels (Ridzuan et al, 2020;Voumik et al, 2023b). Tax credits, feed-in tariffs, and renewable energy requirements are only some of the measures that governments can employ to encourage the use of renewable energy by the general public.…”

“…Patents can attract investment by proving that innovative renewable energy solutions have commercial viability. This can entice investors like venture capitalists to put money into renewable energy firms, speeding the arrival of game-changing new technology into consumers' hands, (Kumaran et al, 2020;Voumik et al, 2023c).…”

“…It determines if a variable in a time series is nonstationary, meaning that the mean and variance change over time. Non-stationary time series can lead to spurious regression results, which can have severe consequences for policy and decision-making, Voumik et al (2023a). The unit root test helps prevent this by checking if a time series is stationary before performing a regression analysis, Yusoff et al (2023).…”

Clean energy-led tourism development in Malaysia: Do environmental degradation, FDI, Education and ICT matter?

“…Additionally, clean energy sources are often found to be more efficient than conventional energy sources, thereby presenting a promising opportunity for tourism enterprises in Malaysia to effectively lower their energy expenses, thus enhancing the profitability and long-term sustainability of the tourism industry [ 135 ]. In addition to enhancing the tourism experience, using renewable energy sources has the potential to offer visitors a distinctive and environmentally conscious experience [ 136 ]. Ecotourism activities, such as hiking, camping, and wildlife observation, have the potential to be powered by renewable energy sources.…”