“…Fertility levels were higher in rural areas or small towns and lower in large cities, e.g. in the United States (Glusker et al, 2000), Eastern Europe (Burcin & Kučera, 2000;Vobecká & Piguet, 2012;Vojtěchovská, 2000;Kulu, 2005;Philipov & Kohler, 2001), Northern Europe Thygesen, Knudsen & Keiding, 2005), England and Wales (Boyle et al, 2007;Tromans, Natamba & Jefferies, 2009), the Netherlands (De Beer & Deerenberg, 2007;Mulder & Wagner, 2001), Italy (Michielin, 2004;Vitali & Billari, 2011), as well as, in Germany and Austria (Hank, 2001;Kulu, 2006). Suburban fertility in contemporary Europe has started to increase since the 1950s-1960s, following the post-war baby boom and growing suburbanization ).…”