Modelling of the terahertz communication channel for in-vivo nano-networks in the presence of noise

Zhang, Rui; Yang, Ke; Alomainy, Akram; Abbasi, Qammer H.; Qaraqe, Khalid; Shubair, Raed M.

doi:10.1109/mms.2016.7803812

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In [6], a model for the power spectral density (PSD) of the noise has been derived, which is based on the Beer-Lambert Law. This model was proved in [10][11][12] to fit the in-vivo scenario. According to this model, the molecular absorption becomes negligible when no molecules are irradiated, i.e., when no user is transmitting.…”

Section: Basic Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy Efficient Modulation Scheme for Body-Centric Terahertz (THz) Nanonetworks

et al. 2019

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In body-centric communications, energy efficiency is a critical performance metric, while the achievable data rate is not of primary concern. In this paper we present a novel modulation scheme, which can be efficiently used in body-centric terahertz (THz) nanonetworks. The proposed scheme is a combination of the time-spread On-Off keying (TS–OOK) and the pulse position modulation (PPM) and presents lower energy consumption, compared to other existing methods as TS–OOK, at a minor cost to the data rate. Furthermore, another important aspect is that the proposed modulation scheme can be effectively used to mitigate the impact of the specific kind of noise in THz body-centric communications, thus leading to better error performance. Finally, we present analytical and simulation results in order to compare the new scheme with the existing TS–OOK.

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Section: Basic Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy Efficient Modulation Scheme for Body-Centric Terahertz (THz) Nanonetworks

et al. 2019

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“…where n refers to noise and N m refers to the molecular absorption noise power when symbol m is transmitted in (19)(20). When considering a 1-bit hard receiver based on power detection, the system becomes a Binary Asymmetric Channel (BAC) and Y is a discrete random variable.…”

Section: Information Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the molecular absorption noise model developed in [19] is not fully comprehensive, since the distance-dependent spreading path loss is not considered, which should also be added in the energy conservation to provide a clearer and more complete understanding of the noise influence on the channel and network quality. The noise model of in-vivo communication is studied based on the physical mechanism of the channel noise in the medium, which takes into account both the radiation of the medium and the molecular absorption from the transmitted signal in [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical modelling of the effect of noise on the terahertz in-vivo communication channel for body-centric nano-networks

Zhang

Yang

Abbasi

et al. 2018

Nano Communication Networks

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The paper presents an analytical model of the terahertz (THz) communication channel (0.1-10 THz) for in-vivo nano-networks by considering the effect of noise on link quality and information rate. The molecular absorption noise model for in-vivo nano-networks is developed based on the physical mechanisms of the noise present in the medium, which takes into account both the radiation of the medium and the molecular absorption from the transmitted signal. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the communication channel is investigated for different power allocation schemes and the maximum achievable information rate is studied to explore the potential of THz communication inside the human body. The obtained results show that the information rate is inversely proportional to the transmission distance. Based on the studies on channel performance, it can be concluded that the achievable transmission distance of in-vivo THz nano-networks should be restrained to approximately 2 mm maximum, while the operation band of in-vivo THz nano-networks should be limited to the lower band of the THz band. This motivates the utilisation of hierarchical/cooperative networking concepts and hybrid communication techniques using molecular and electromagnetic methods for future body-centric nano-networks.

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“…The propagation of EM waves inside the human body is severely impacted by the absorption of liquid water molecules [18]. In vivo communication, the power spectral density as a function of distance and frequency is calculated in [19], while channel capacity and transmission range are calculated in [20] both under the molecular absorption noise. Though, authors in [8] analyses the effect of molecular absorption noise which has been carried out for different tissues of the human body such as fat, blood, skin, etc., but from EMNC point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Absorption Noise for Molecular Information Transfer

2020

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Molecular signaling is ubiquitous across scales in nature and finds useful applications in precision medicine and heavy industry. Characterizing noise in communication systems is essential to understanding its information capacity. To date, research in molecular nano communication (MNC) primarily considers the molecular dynamics within the medium, where various forms of stochastic effects generate noise. However, in many real-world scenarios, external effects can also influence molecular dynamics and cause noise. Here, the noise due to the temperature fluctuations from incident electromagnetic (EM) radiation is considered, with applications ranging from cell signaling to chemical engineering. EM radiation and subsequent molecular absorption cause temperature fluctuations which affect molecular dynamics and can be considered as an exogenous noise source for MNC. In this paper, the probability density function of the radiation absorption noise (RAN) is analyzed and to demonstrate applicability, we include characteristics of different tissues of the human body. Furthermore, the closed-form expression of error probability (EP) for MNC under the radiation noise is derived. Numerical analysis is demonstrated on different tissues of the human body: skin, brain, and blood, as well as the polarization factor of incident EM radiation is demonstrated. The coupling relationship between the radiation frequency and the intrinsic impedance of the human body on the PDF of radiation absorption noise is presented. This is useful for understanding how mutual information changes with external radiation sources. INDEX TERMS Molecular communication, noise modeling, and channel modeling.

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Modelling of the terahertz communication channel for in-vivo nano-networks in the presence of noise

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

An Energy Efficient Modulation Scheme for Body-Centric Terahertz (THz) Nanonetworks

An Energy Efficient Modulation Scheme for Body-Centric Terahertz (THz) Nanonetworks

Analytical modelling of the effect of noise on the terahertz in-vivo communication channel for body-centric nano-networks

Radiation Absorption Noise for Molecular Information Transfer

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