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A compact wearable antenna with a novel miniaturized EBG structure at 2.4 GHz for medical application is presented in this letter. The design demonstrates a robust, compact and low-profile solution to meet the requirements of wearable applications. The EBG structure reduces the back radiation and the impact of frequency detuning due to the high losses of human body. In addition, the structure improves the front-to-back ratio (FBR) by 15.5 dB. The proposed compact antenna with dimensions of 46 × 46 × 2.4 mm 3 yields an impedance bandwidth of 27% (2.17-2.83 GHz), with a gain enhancement of 7.8 dBi and more than 95 % reduction in the SAR. Therefore, the antenna is a promising candidate for integration into wearable devices applied in various domains, specifically biomedical technology.

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In this study, a millimetre‐wave (MMW) antenna is presented for the fifth‐generation (5G) wireless multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) applications, in order to offer numerous advantages including compactness, planar geometry, high bandwidth, and high gain performance. The concept of defected ground structures has been deployed for the first time in MIMO antenna design at MMW spectrum to fulfil 5G requirements of high bandwidth with compactness and low design complexity. The top surface of antenna comprises of a coplanar waveguide‐fed T‐shaped radiating patch element, while the bottom part is designed to constitute a partial ground loaded with two iterations of symmetrical split‐ring slots at an optimised distance. Experimental results depict a wide bandwidth of 25.1–37.5 GHz, as well as a peak gain of 10.6 dBi at 36 GHz. Moreover, numerically evaluated efficiency of >80% is observed over the entire intended bandwidth of operation. For the demonstration, four‐element MIMO antenna array of the proposed antenna element is also fabricated and tested, in order to validate high isolation between the adjacent elements, which makes the proposed antenna a potential candidate to be integrated in cellular phones and base stations for 5G MIMO systems and services.

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On-body propagation channel measurements using two microstrip patch antennas for various links are presented and statistically analyzed. The attenuation attributed to factors such as the body, head and clothing are: 19.2, 13.0, and 1.7 dB, respectively, when measurement performed in the anechoic chamber. Measured cumulative distribution function (CDF) of data in the chamber and lab fits to lognormal distribution with deviation factors comparable in both cases. The results demonstrate that the human body is a major shadowing contributor in body area network (BAN) radio systems. The performance of potential radio systems under the measured channel variations is also investigated. Excellent system performance is achievable with power levels as low as 0.01 mW. These results support the significance of channel characterization and modelling in producing suitable wireless systems for ultra low power BANs.Index Terms-Bit error rate (BER), body area network, microstrip antenna, on-body propagation.