Modelling of the cathodic protection system with dynamic non-linear polarization characteristics

Mujezinović, Adnan; Turkovic, Irfan; Martinez, Sanja; Milojkovic, S.

doi:10.1109/icat.2015.7340536

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This conceptual approach of empirically considering the changes in potential-current density (E-j) relationship of the electrode as a function of time (but not explicitly depending on physical or chemical conditions) was later also adopted for soil leachates 109 and other aqueous solutions. [110][111] For CP in concrete, similar (empirical) approaches were also-although rarely-used to take into account the changes of the polarization behavior of sacrificial zinc anodes [112][113] and reinforcing steel 114 as a function of time or charge passed. Regarding cathodic protection in soil, a model using dynamic electrode kinetics on a fundamental basis was proposed by Büchler.…”

Section: Advances In Numerical Modeling Of Cathodic Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Science and Engineering of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Soil and Concrete

Angst¹

2019

Corrosion

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After a century of history of cathodic protection (CP) of iron and steel, this paper critically reviews the state of the art in the science and engineering and assesses the fitness of CP as an effective technology to tackle the challenges related to infrastructure corrosion. This paper focuses on CP of iron-based alloys embedded in porous media, such as soil or concrete, as these two major applications of CP technology share many similarities. First, the scientific understanding of CP is reviewed and different competing theories are discussed. There is wide agreement that corrosion protection of steel is achieved thanks to a combination of immediate activation polarization and the beneficial changes in electrolyte chemistry that are gradually occurring at the steel surface when a protection current is flowing toward a steel electrode. A major and well-documented technological advantage of these "chemical effects" is that the protective effect of CP is maintained during temporal loss of protection current, e.g., due to survey work related shut-offs or anodic interference. However, the relationships between these chemical concentration changes in the porous medium and the protection current are complex, and, as this review shows, cannot reliably be described with state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, in this paper, different hypotheses for the mechanism of corrosion protection in heterogeneous situations (galvanic elements), as they are generally occurring in practice, are discussed. It is revealed that understanding the working mechanism of CP in heterogeneous conditions remains a critical scientific challenge. The longstanding debate concerns the question whether CP results mainly in a reduction of number and size of actively corroding areas, or in a reduction of the corrosion rate at the actively corroding sites. Additionally, the literature addressing the interrelation between microbiologically influenced corrosion and CP is here reviewed, and recent progress as well as limitations of the existing literature are highlighted. In a second part, engineering practice and CP protection criteria are reviewed. It is found that the approaches stipulated in international standard are unreliable. This can be traced back to the assessment criteria being empirical and incapable of adequately taking into account the complexity of the underlying processes. Finally, recommendations for future developments are made. Particular opportunities are seen in embracing the progress made in numerical modeling, such as reactive transport modeling in porous media, and considering the interdependence between the involved processes, namely the interdependence between transport processes, chemical reactions, and electrode kinetics.

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Section: Advances In Numerical Modeling Of Cathodic Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Science and Engineering of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Soil and Concrete

Angst¹

2019

Corrosion

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“…where j S represents current density. Equations (1) and (2) can be solved by using direct BEM [12]. The first step of BEM is discretization of electrode surfaces with boundary elements.…”

Section: Boundary Element Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (11) and (12) are valid for matrix elements of one finite element. To form global matrix eqn (10), it is necessary to take into account contributions of all finite elements that share the same node.…”

Section: Finite Element Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of the coupled BEM/FEM method for calculation of cathodic protection system parameters

Mujezinović¹,

Martinez²,

Muharemović³

et al. 2017

Int. J. CMEM

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Cathodic protection (CP) is a technique that prevents corrosion of underground metallic structures. Design of any CP system first requires defining the protection of current density and potential distribution, which should meet the given criterion. It also needs to provide, as uniform as possible, current density distribution on the protected object surface. Determination of current density and potential distribution of CP system is based on solving the Laplace partial differential equation. Mathematical model, along with the Laplace equation, is represented by two additional equations that define boundary conditions. These two equations are non-linear and they represent the polarization curves that define the relationship between current density and potential on electrode surfaces. Nowadays, the only reliable way to determine current density and potential distribution is by applying numerical techniques. This paper presents efficient numerical techniques for the calculation of current density and potential distribution of CP system based on the coupled boundary element method (BEM) and finite element method (FEM).

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“…After discretization of domain boundaries, field integral equation 5is solved over every element. After application of the Collocation method at the point and numerical integration, solution of the electric potential and current density can be obtained for each node of all boundary elements by solving following matrix equation [15]:…”

Section: Bem Formulation In Spatial Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Model for Simulation of the Cathodic Protection System with Dynamic Nonlinear Polarization Characteristics

Mujezinović

Turkovic

Muharemović

et al. 2020

Wseas Transactions on Mathematics

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Cathodic protection is defined as a method for slowing down or complete elimination of corrosion processes on underground or underwater, insulated or uninsulated metal structures. Protection by cathodic protection system is achieved by polarizing protected object to more negative value, with respect to its equilibrium potential. Design of the cathodic protection system implies determination of the electric potential and current density on the electrode surfaces after installation of the cathodic protection system. Most efficient way for determination of the electric potential and current density in the cathodic protection system is by applying numerical techniques. When modeling cathodic protection systems by numerical techniques, electrochemical reactions that occur on electrode surfaces are taken into account by polarization characteristics. Because of nature of the electrochemical reactions, polarization characteristics are nonlinear and under certain conditions can be time – varying (dynamic nonlinear polarization characteristics). This paper deals with numerical modeling of the cathodic protection system with dynamic nonlinear polarization characteristics. Numerical model presented in this paper is divided in the two parts. First part, which is based on the direct boundary element method, is used for the calculation of the distribution of electric potential and current density on the electrode surfaces in the spatial domain. Second part of the model is based on the finite difference time domain method and is used for the calculation of the electric potential and current density change over time. The use of presented numerical model is demonstrated on two simple geometrically examples.

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Modelling of the cathodic protection system with dynamic non-linear polarization characteristics

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

A Critical Review of the Science and Engineering of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Soil and Concrete

A Critical Review of the Science and Engineering of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Soil and Concrete

Application of the coupled BEM/FEM method for calculation of cathodic protection system parameters

Numerical Model for Simulation of the Cathodic Protection System with Dynamic Nonlinear Polarization Characteristics

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