Modelling of regenerative braking system for electric bus

Abstract

Regenerative braking is a way to harvest electric energy from braking mechanism which usually implemented in electric vehicles. Braking strategies are required to maximize the use of regenerative braking systems. This research aims to design a regenerative braking model for a medium-sized electric bus. Measurements of latitude, longitude, elevation, and speed were firstly conducted by using GPS-based OsmAnd Android application. Transjakarta Corridor 1 (Kota-Blok M) was used for a test track with a distance of 14 km. Besides using data from measurements using GPS, WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure) data is also used for comparison. This study produced a braking strategy model that considers aerodynamic, rolling, and grade resistances as well as electrical component specifications of the electric bus. The model design is then compared to the existing serial and parallel strategy. With the design of this system, the regenerative braking model can harvest more energy which increases the mileage of the electric bus.

Influence of Braking Strategies for Electric Trike Energy Consumption

“…The battery component converts power into an electric charge and vice versa so that it can calculate the battery SOC. Equation (9) shows the battery SOC calculation, where 𝑆𝑂𝐶(𝑡) is the amount of SOC battery at a certain time, 𝐸 E'33 (𝑡) is the amount of battery energy used at a certain time, and 𝐸 is the capacity of the battery.…”

“…This is due to the energy storage density in the battery, which is still far lower than gasoline fuel [8]. Regenerative braking can be a solution to increase the distance that can be traveled by electric vehicles [9][10][11]. Keil and Jossen have studied that recharging the electrical energy in the battery during braking can be conducted because it does not increase the degradation of the battery [12].…”

Energy Management System Design for Good Delivery Electric Trike Equipped with Different Powertrain Configurations

“…One of the alternatives for substituting the ICE vehicles is electric vehicles. The advantages of electric vehicles over ICE vehicles are their high efficiency due to minimal power conversion, high electric component efficiency, and zero emissions during their operation [2,3]. Although the advantages look promising, electric vehicles still have one main problem: the low specific energy of batteries compared to gasoline or diesel [4].…”