Modelling of Potential Pipeline Impact Radius and High Consequence Area in a Wetland Sub-Region of Nigeria

Abstract

Crude oil transportation through pipelines presents danger to communities along its path. In the Niger Delta region of Nigeria for instance, pipeline vandalism occurs indiscriminately and regularly, such that every segment of a pipeline network becomes a potential target and possibly source of oil spill hazard. In terms of pipeline hazard and risk distribution, the oil plume's ability to migrate freely in wetlands and encroachment on pipeline right of ways by people increases chances of wider contact and exposure opportunities to inhabitants and the environment. Despite several efforts to mitigate pipeline hazards in the oil and gas sector, none has been effective in Nigeria partly due to paucity of data in public domain and poor public participation. Therefore considering the environmental and human health challenges associated with oil spills, an alternative method was developed using multi-criteria decision analysis to model 1) pipeline hazard zones, 2) potential pipeline impact radius, and 3) high consequence areas with four attribute layers, i.e. land cover, population, river and pipeline to encourage public participation. The model identified land use areas, communities and rivers likely to be susceptible to pipeline hazards and areas requiring regular monitoring and possible intervention. Meanwhile the model sensitivity test indicated that the river layer was most sensitive, while transferability was limited to similar criteria variables. The model can stimulate public participation in pipeline hazard management while policy makers and regulators would find it relevant in oil spill impact mitigation.

A simulation-based optimization method for emergency evacuation induced by gas pipeline leakage risk

“…The consequences of gas pipeline leakage are more serious compared with oil pipeline leakage. Relevant studies show that the major accidents caused by pipeline leakage are mainly jet fire, gas cloud combustion, and gas cloud explosion (Whanda et al 2015;Han et al 2017;Terzioglu and Iskender 2021). The leakage of gas transmission pipeline is generally divided into small hole leakage (the leakage aperture is 0∼5 mm), middle hole leakage (5∼50 mm), large hole leakage (50∼150 mm), and pipeline fracture (more than 150 mm) according to leakage aperture (SAWS 2013).…”

“…Mishra and Wehrstedt (2015) utilized semi-empirical and Computational Fluid Dynamics modelings to investigate the scenarios of underground gas pipeline failure, crater formation, dispersion of gas, explosion, and subsequent fires. Whanda et al (2015) developed an alternative method with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process to model potential risk area. Terzioglu and Iskender (2021) used Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) to simulate different scenarios and investigated the risk determination of liquefied petroleum gas storage tank.…”

Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Lokasi Ideal Taman Nasional di Wilayah Kalimantan Barat

“…Metode ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan multi-kriteria analisis keputusan untuk model, yaitu 1) zona pipa bahaya, 2) radius potensi dampak pipa, dan 3) daerah konsekuensi tinggi dengan empat lapisan atribut, yaitu tanah cover, populasi, sungai dan pipa untuk mendorong partisipasi masyarakat. Model GIS ini diidentifikasi tanah menggunakan daerah, masyarakat dan sungai cenderung rentan terhadap bahaya pipa dan daerah membutuhkan pemantauan rutin dan kemungkinan intervensi [4]. Umar, et.al.…”