Modelling of forest road sediment in the northern forest of Iran (Lomir Watershed)

Dalir, Pejman; Naghdi, Ramin; Gholami, Vahid

doi:10.17221/91/2013-jfs

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…More than 90% of sediment production originates from forest roads and the greater part of this occurs in excavations and gradient slopes [11,12]. In addition, road length and road width have significant effects on sediment generation [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Using Wood Chips and Slash in Reducing Sheet Erosion on Forest Road Slopes

Turk

2018

Forests

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This study compared the use of wood chips and slash to reduce the loss of sediment on newly constructed forest road slopes and investigated the annual amount of sediment loss on bare forest road slopes. A runoff block (sample field) was established for each of the four designated test sites (two cutslopes and two fillslopes). Each block had three runoff plots. One of the runoff plots was left empty for the control (CNT), while wood chips (C) and slash (S), respectively, were deposited in the other two. A total of 108 water samples were taken from the test sites and the amount of their suspended sediment calculated in the laboratory. As a result of this study, it was determined that the amount of soil loss in the control plots was about 1.26 times higher than in the slash plots and 2.21 times higher than in the wood chips plots. According to the results of variance analysis on the amounts of sediment, a statistically significant difference was found between the suspended sediment quantities transported on the road slopes (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference between the suspended sediment quantities transported in the plots and the other variables of aspect, gradient or road slope was revealed by the t-test (p > 0.05).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Using Wood Chips and Slash in Reducing Sheet Erosion on Forest Road Slopes

Turk

2018

Forests

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“…High-intensity rainfall events can cause signi cant soil erosion and sedimentation, leading to road damage and negative impacts on forest ecosystems. In addition, prolonged periods of rainfall can increase soil saturation and reduce soil stability, making it more susceptible to erosion (Dalir et al 2021). Therefore, when designing and maintaining forest roads, precipitation patterns should be carefully considered to reduce erosion rates and prevent road damage.…”

Section: Hot-spot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A hot-spot analysis of forest roads based on soil erosion and sediment in Zagros forest lands, Iran

Yousefi

Emami

Nekoeimehr

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Forest roads have been recognized as one of the significant contributors to soil erosion processes in forested areas. The construction and maintenance of forest roads can cause severe environmental impacts, including soil erosion, sedimentation, and degradation of aquatic ecosystems. In summary, this study contributes to our understanding of the impacts of forest road networks on soil erosion and sedimentation in the context of Zagros forest land, Iran. This study aims to assess soil erosion and sedimentation on forest roads in four case studies in Zagros forest lands, Iran. The study collected data using field surveys and SEDMODL equations to determine input factors and sedimentation and erosion rates. The study found that road erosion is strongly correlated with geological factor, road width, and precipitation factors. The height changes of 144 benchmarks were recorded during one study year (2021–2022) in four study roads, and the measurement results of erosion benchmarks indicated an average soil erosion of 3, 2.6, 4.7, and 3.5 mm per year around Bidleh, Kohian, Nazi, and Tabrak roads, respectively. The study measured soil erosion and sedimentation at three distances (5, 15, and 25 meters) from the road and found a significant difference in the height changes of the benchmarks at varying distances from the study roads. Hot-spot analysis was conducted using GIS 10.8, and the results indicated that a significant portion of the studied forest roads had very high erosion production and hot-spots. The results of Hot-spot analysis indicated that 30.8%, 22.6%, 39.8%, and 14.5% of the study forest roads in Nazi, Tabrak, Bidleh, and Kohian roads, respectively, are identified as areas with very high erosion production and hot-spots. These results highlight the need for effective management strategies to minimize the impact of erosion on road infrastructure and the surrounding environment. Overall, this study provides important insights into soil erosion and sedimentation on forest roads, and the findings presented here can be used to inform future road construction and maintenance.

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“…Iranian forest watersheds, especially upstream rivers, generally lack hydrometric statistics and are generally more difficult to access than rivers in the plains (Sheikh 2014;Khaleghi, Varvani 2018). The presence of forest soils with a suitable depth leads to high erosion and, consequently, causing high turbidity and sediment loss during a flood and, as a result, flood mud is deposited on the trunks of trees as a cover of clay and silt sediments (Dalir et al 2014;Varvani et al 2019;Sahour et al 2021b). The effect of clay and silt is a mark of the previous flood, the height or depth of which indicates the maximum flood depth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prediction of flood discharge and flood flow depth using a hydraulic model and flood marks on the trees in ungauged forested watersheds

Gholami¹

2022

J. For. Sci.

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It is difficult to estimate flood discharges and the flood zones as well as to design hydraulic structures in rivers without using hydrometric stations. Furthermore, using different models to determine the mentioned cases will be accompanied by errors. Therefore, flood marks on the trunks of trees located in the Babolrood riverbed were used to determine the peak discharge, flood flow depth, and flood zone in northern Iran. First, a hydraulic model for the study river was provided using topographic maps with a scale of 1: 1 000, HEC-GeoRAS extension (GIS), and HEC-RAS model. Then, the flood marks of past floods in the form of silt and clay sediments (deposits on the trees in the riverbed) were evaluated and the maximum flood flow depth was determined. Finally, the peak discharge of the past flood was estimated by the trial-and-error method to achieve the flood flow depth in the different river reaches. Then, the hydraulic model using the flow depth data was calibrated in the reaches, and, in the final step, based on the flood marks of other reaches, the model was validated. According to the results, the maximum instantaneous discharge rate of the study flood was 155 m<sup>3</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup> and the maximum flood flow depth was about 2 m. Furthermore, the results showed that the flood mark data in forest lands can be used as a tool for the calibration and validation of hydraulic models. The present methodology is an efficient method for determining the flood peak discharge, spatial variation of the flood depth, and flood zone in forest watersheds without hydrometric stations.

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Modelling of forest road sediment in the northern forest of Iran (Lomir Watershed)

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

The Effects of Using Wood Chips and Slash in Reducing Sheet Erosion on Forest Road Slopes

The Effects of Using Wood Chips and Slash in Reducing Sheet Erosion on Forest Road Slopes

A hot-spot analysis of forest roads based on soil erosion and sediment in Zagros forest lands, Iran

Prediction of flood discharge and flood flow depth using a hydraulic model and flood marks on the trees in ungauged forested watersheds

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