Modelling of angular distortion of double-pass butt-welded plate

Abstract

Adequate top and bottom side weld reinforcements are important for single-side submerged arc welded butt joints as the shrinkage forces generated due to the solidification of top side weld reinforcements and bottom side weld reinforcements can cancel out each other to minimize angular distortions. In the present investigation it was experimentally established during submerged arc welding (SAW) that by using proper process parameters adequate bottom and required top weld reinforcements could be obtained by using two welding passes for 12 mm thick square butt joints. During the experimental investigation the first pass of welding was used for adequate bottom reinforcement and for filling up the root gap. The second welding pass was used to achieve the required top reinforcement. The first pass weld acted like a restraint to angular distortion induced due to the weld of the second pass. The process was modelled using three-dimensional finite element analysis considering a distributed moving heat source, reinforcements, filler material deposition in each pass of welding, and temperature- dependent material properties.

Effect of process parameters on bead geometry, tensile and microstructural properties of double-sided butt submerged arc welding of SS 304 austenitic stainless steel

“…In double-sided submerged arc welding, the initial pass produces the bottom reinforcement. The final angular distortion produced after the 2nd pass will be minimal because the bottom bead reinforcement produced in the 1st pass acts as a constraint for the subsequent pass [19]. Hence, double-sided SAW can be one of the options to control the angular distortion in medium to thick plates.…”

“…It can be derived from their study that leading current influences penetration, while reinforcement height and penetration were affected by trailing current. Mahapatra et al [19] developed 3D finite element model to forecast temperature distributions and distortions for double-sided SAW process incorporating the effect of filler deposition and weld reinforcements in the heat source model on mild steel plates of 12 mm thickness, and they observed good correlation between experimental and numerical results. Biswas et al [4] developed a heat source model for estimating the thermal history and distortions in a double-sided fillet joint and was found the angular distortions and peak temperatures predicted were well matched with experimentally achieved results.…”

Investigation of external restraining force effects on welding residual stresses using three-dimensional thermal elastic—plastic multi-body coupling finite element model

“…All the thermal and mechanical properties of mild steel were considered temperature dependent [18], and Mahapatra et al [19]. The thermal conductivity was increased artificially for temperatures above the melting point to simulate the convective heat transfer of the weld pool.…”

Influence of tacking sequence on residual stress and distortion of single sided fillet submerged arc welded joint

“…Hence the numerical method like finite element (FE) based model is effective to deliver more realistic solution Mahapatra et al, 2006;Dean, 2009;Murugan et al, 2001). According to Withers and Bhadeshia (2001), residual stresses are more difficult to predict than the in-service stresses on which they superimpose.…”

“…Therefore, it is worthwhile to use a well-tested mathematical model for the prediction of residual stress and to devise the methodology to minimize the same. Numerical simulation based on finite element method is proved to be an effective technique over the years for obtaining residual stresses in the welded structures Mahapatra et al, 2006;Dean, 2009;Murugan et al, 2001;Teng et al, 2001;Friedman, 1975, Ma et al, 1995. Ueda and Yamakawa (1971) were the first among those who proposed a thermal elasto-plastic finite element model to analyze the transient thermal stresses induced in a butt joint configuration with material deposition from a moving electrode.…”