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1. This work presents the scenario of charging infrastructure development across selected countries. An overview and importance of home charging is also presented in the work. 2. This paper also provides a deep insight of the complex and dynamic nature of the optimal placement of charging station problem, thereby considering the demand, logistics, and supply aspects related to the problem. 3. An overview and comparative analysis of different modeling approaches of charging station placement problem adopted by researchers is provided. 4. The different objective functions and constraints of the charging station placement problem are also discussed along with a brief understanding of the optimization algorithms adopted for the solution of this placement problem.The paper starts with an attempt to provide scenario of the charging infrastructure planning across selected countries, importance of home charging, and then presents a general overview and brief classification of the problem. The modeling approaches and the objective functions presented in different charging system studies are discussed in the work. Finally, the work concludes by identifying the future direction of work possible in this paradigm.

Heat transfer augmentation techniques (passive, active or a combination of passive and active methods) are commonly used in areas such as process industries, heating and cooling in evaporators, thermal power plants, air-conditioning equipment, refrigerators, radiators for space vehicles, automobiles, etc. Passive techniques, where inserts are used in the flow passage to augment the heat transfer rate, are advantageous compared with active techniques, because the insert manufacturing process is simple and these techniques can be easily employed in an existing heat exchanger. In design of compact heat exchangers, passive techniques of heat transfer augmentation can play an important role if a proper passive insert configuration can be selected according to the heat exchanger working condition (both flow and heat transfer conditions). In the past decade, several studies on the passive techniques of heat transfer augmentation have been reported. The present paper is a review on progress with the passive augmentation techniques in the recent past and will be useful to designers implementing passive augmentation techniques in heat exchange. Twisted tapes, wire coils, ribs, fins, dimples, etc., are the most commonly used passive heat transfer augmentation tools. In the present paper, emphasis is given to works dealing with twisted tapes and wire coils because, according to recent studies, these are known to be economic heat transfer augmentation tools. The former insert is found to be suitable in a laminar flow regime and the latter is suitable for turbulent flow. The thermohydraulic behaviour of an insert mainly depends on the flow conditions (laminar or turbulent) apart from the insert configurations. The present review is organized in five different sections: twisted tape in laminar flow; twisted tape in turbulent flow; wire coil in laminar flow; wire coil in turbulent flow; other inserts such as ribs, fins, dimples, etc.

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