Modelling Erosion and Deposition of Cohesive Sediments from Hay River, Northwest Territories, Canada

Milburn, David; Krishnappan, B. G.

doi:10.2166/nh.2003.0032

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Bed age (period of consolidation) can influence the transport characteristics of the deposited sediment by altering the critical shear stress for erosion through compaction (Krishnappan and Engel, 1994;Milburn and Krishnappan, 2003). Bui (2000) describes bed consolidation as a three stage process whereby: 1) the floc structure gradually collapses, hindering setting (this process can occur over a period ranging from hours to days, where the change in bed elevation is proportional to time); 2) vertical "pipes" form in the bed structure (this process takes days to weeks and bed elevation becomes a function of √ , where is the elapsed time); and, 3) pore volume decreases as flocs collapse which can take up to years to complete.…”

Section: Nature Of Cohesive Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cohesive sediment and river water were collected from the Elbow River using an inverted cone sampler (Milburn and Krishnappan, 2003). The sampler consists of an inverted cone fitted with a propeller that re-suspends fine sediment deposits on the river bed (Figure 2.2 and 2.3).…”

Section: Cohesive Sediment Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical shear stress for erosion can vary for cohesive sediments collected from rivers in different geological and hydrological settings but it can also be influenced by other factors such as consolidation time (Krishnappan and Engel, 1994;Milburn and Krishnappan, 2003).…”

Section: Erosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the consolidation period, solids settled from the water column to the bottom of the flume, creating a cohesive sediment bed under a low shear environment. The duration of the consolidation period was intended to limit the potential for biofilm growth and was based on knowledge gained from previous experiments conducted at the NWRI flume, specifically the length of time required for biofilms to form on the bed surface influencing the critical shear stress (Krishnappan and Engel, 1994;Stone and Krishnappan, 1997, 2002Milburn and Krishnappan, 2003). No chemical or biological analysis of the sediments or water was conducted in this research to determine the effect of biofilm growth on bed stability.…”

Section: Erosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time steps were based on standard time steps used in previous plane bed cohesive sediment erosion experiments in the annular flume as were the corresponding shear stress steps (Krishnappan and Engel, 1994;Stone and Krishnappan, 1997, 2002Milburn and Krishnappan, 2003). Use of the same methodological protocols allowed direct comparisons to be made with the results of other comparable studies.…”

Section: Erosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The effect of coarse gravel on cohesive sediment entrapment in an annular flume

Glasbergen¹,

Stone²,

Krishnappan³

et al. 2015

Proc. IAHS

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Abstract. While cohesive sediment generally represents a small fraction (<0.5%) of the total sediment mass stored in gravel-bed rivers, it can strongly influence physical and biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone and alter aquatic habitat. This research was conducted to examine mechanisms governing the interaction of cohesive sediments with gravel beds in the Elbow River, Alberta, Canada. A series of erosion and deposition experiments with and without a gravel bed were conducted in a 5-m diameter annular flume. The critical shear stress for deposition and erosion of cohesive sediment without gravel was 0.115 Pa and 0.212 Pa, respectively. In experiments with a gravel bed, cohesive sediment moved from the water column into the gravel bed via the coupling of surface and pore water flow. Once in the gravel bed, cohesive sediments were not mobilized under the maximum applied shear stresses (1.11 Pa) used in the experiment. The gravel bed had an entrapment coefficient (ratio between the entrapment flux and the settling flux) of 0.2. Accordingly, when flow conditions are sufficient to produce a shear stress that will mobilize the armour layer of the gravel bed (>16 Pa), cohesive materials trapped within the gravel bed will be entrained and transported into the Glenmore Reservoir, where sediment-associated nutrients may pose treatment challenges to the drinking water supply.

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Section: Nature Of Cohesive Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cohesive Sediment Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Erosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Erosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Erosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The effect of coarse gravel on cohesive sediment entrapment in an annular flume

Glasbergen¹,

Stone²,

Krishnappan³

et al. 2015

Proc. IAHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Assessment of erosion and settling properties of fine sediments stored in cobble bed rivers: the Arc and Isère alpine rivers before and after reservoir flushing

Legoût

Droppo

Coutaz

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Cohesive sediment dynamics in mountainous rivers is poorly understood even though these rivers are the main providers of fine particles to the oceans. Complex interactions exist between the coarse matrix of cobble bed rivers and fine sediments. Given that fine sediment load in such environments can be very high due to intense natural rainfall or snowmelt events and to man‐induced reservoir or dam flushing, a better understanding of the deposition and sedimentation processes is needed in order to reduce ecohydrological downstream impacts. We tested a field‐based approach on the Arc and Isère alpine rivers combining measurements of erosion and settling properties of river bed deposits before and after a dam flushing, with the U‐GEMS (Gust Erosion Microcosm System) and SCAF (System Characterizing Aggregates and Flocs), respectively. These measurements highlight that critical shears, rates of erosion, settling velocities and propensity of particles to flocculate are highly variable in time and space. This is reflective of the heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic conditions during particle settling, local bed roughness, and nature and size of particles. Generally the deposits were found to be stable relative to what is measured in lowland rivers. It was, however, not possible to make a conclusive assessment of the extent to which the dynamics of deposits after reservoir flushing were different from those settled after natural events. The absence of any relationships between erosion and deposition variables, making it impossible to predict one from another, underlined the need to measure all of them to have a full assessment of the fine sediment dynamics and to obtain representative input variables for numerical models. While the SCAF was found to be effective, an alternative to the U‐GEMS device will have to be found for the erodibility assessment in cobble bed rivers, in order to make more rapid measurements at higher shears. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Modelling the dispersal and depositional processes of the suspended sediment in the central South Yellow Sea during the winter

Gao

Qiao

2016

Geological Journal

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The muddy area in the centre of the South Yellow Sea (SYS) is formed and characterized by fine‐grained particles since the Yellow Sea circulation system became stable before 8000 years. The distribution and thickness of the central South Yellow Sea muddy area are both updated based on the interpretation of eight high‐resolution sub‐bottom profiles in central SYS, 2012. The area mainly locates within 34.5°–36.5°N, 122°–124.5°E, showing thick in the north and west and thin in the south and east with a ‘┌’ shape. The maximum thickness is up to 11 m. Meanwhile, there appears a weak deposition belt in the transition zone between the central South Yellow Sea muddy area and the slope deposit body surrounding Shandong Peninsula. In this paper, a numerical simulation under wind‐driven circulation in winter is established to study the dispersal and depositional processes of the suspended sediment. Studies show that the presence of a weak‐current‐low‐energy area by the tide is the primary factor to control the muddy area in central South Yellow Sea with similar results to previous research, but we find that the sediment is transported by the Yellow Sea Warm Current in winter. In winter, the Yellow Sea Warm Current can carry the southern sediment into here and we believe that it is the main driving force to transport sediment into the muddy area. The weak deposit band of the simulation result and measurement matched well; it is controlled by the shear front of the Yellow Sea Warm Current and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current. The shear front plays the role of a ‘water barrier’ to prevent the sediment carried by the Yellow Sea Coastal Current spreading directly to the muddy area and the sediment carried by the Yellow Sea Warm Current spreading to the coastal zone, so the weak deposit band arose. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Modelling Erosion and Deposition of Cohesive Sediments from Hay River, Northwest Territories, Canada

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of coarse gravel on cohesive sediment entrapment in an annular flume

The effect of coarse gravel on cohesive sediment entrapment in an annular flume

Assessment of erosion and settling properties of fine sediments stored in cobble bed rivers: the Arc and Isère alpine rivers before and after reservoir flushing

Modelling the dispersal and depositional processes of the suspended sediment in the central South Yellow Sea during the winter

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