Modelling bacterial flagellar growth

Schmitt, Maximilian; Stark, Holger

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/96/28001

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The simplest model for flagellin transportation is that partially unfolded flagellins diffuse through the channel in a single-file and then fold at the distal end. Considering this model, Schmitt and Stark used the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) models with open boundary to simulate flagellin transportation and flagellar growth [ 83 ]. TASEP has been applied successfully to study nonequilibrium steady states such as the motion of ribosomes along mRNA, molecular motors along microtubule filaments, or the traffic of the car on the highway.…”

Section: Flagellar Filament Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Loss of Bacterial Flagellar Filaments

Zhuang

2020

Biomolecules

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The bacterial flagellar filament is an extracellular tubular protein structure that acts as a propeller for bacterial swimming motility. It is connected to the membrane-anchored rotary bacterial flagellar motor through a short hook. The bacterial flagellar filament consists of approximately 20,000 flagellins and can be several micrometers long. In this article, we reviewed the experimental works and models of flagellar filament construction and the recent findings of flagellar filament ejection during the cell cycle. The length-dependent decay of flagellar filament growth data supports the injection-diffusion model. The decay of flagellar growth rate is due to reduced transportation of long-distance diffusion and jamming. However, the filament is not a permeant structure. Several bacterial species actively abandon their flagella under starvation. Flagellum is disassembled when the rod is broken, resulting in an ejection of the filament with a partial rod and hook. The inner membrane component is then diffused on the membrane before further breakdown. These new findings open a new field of bacterial macro-molecule assembly, disassembly, and signal transduction.

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Section: Flagellar Filament Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Loss of Bacterial Flagellar Filaments

Zhuang

2020

Biomolecules

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“…In contrast, more recently, ( Turner et al, 2000 , 2012 ) labeled Escherichia coli 's pre-existing and newly grown flagellar segments with fluorescent dyes of two different colors and found that the average flagellar growth rate is a constant value independent of the flagellar length. There currently exist different theoretical predictions on the relationship between growth rate and length ( Keener, 2006 ; Schmitt and Stark, 2011 ; Tanner et al, 2011 ; Stern and Berg, 2013 ). Despite this controversy, nearly all existing experimental investigations have been based on population measurements of flagellar length at two different time points at long intervals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length-dependent flagellar growth of Vibrio alginolyticus revealed by real time fluorescent imaging

Chen

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2017

eLife

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Bacterial ﬂagella are extracellular ﬁlaments that drive swimming in bacteria. During motor assembly, ﬂagellins are transported unfolded through the central channel in the ﬂagellum to the growing tip. Here, we applied in vivo ﬂuorescent imaging to monitor in real time the Vibrio alginolyticus polar ﬂagella growth. The ﬂagellar growth rate is found to be highly length-dependent. Initially, the ﬂagellum grows at a constant rate (50 nm/min) when shorter than 1500 nm. The growth rate decays sharply when the ﬂagellum grows longer, which decreases to ~9 nm/min at 7500 nm. We modeled ﬂagellin transport inside the channel as a one-dimensional diffusive process with an injection force at its base. When the ﬂagellum is short, its growth rate is determined by the loading speed at the base. Only when the ﬂagellum grows longer does diffusion of ﬂagellin become the rate-limiting step, dramatically reducing the growth rate. Our results shed new light on the dynamic building process of this complex extracellular structure.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22140.001

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“…These findings suggest, that length-dependent depolymerization in combination with polymerization allows a cell to regulate the length of MTs [7,8]. There are by now several theoretical studies addressing length-regulation ranging from MTs [16,17], over actin filaments [18] to fungi [19] and flagellae [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Microtubule Length Regulation by Molecular Motors

Melbinger¹,

Reese²,

Frey³

2012

Phys. Rev. Lett.

133

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Length regulation of microtubules (MTs) is essential for many cellular processes. Molecular motors like kinesin-8, which move along MTs and also act as depolymerases, are known as key players in MT dynamics. However, the regulatory mechanisms of length control remain elusive. Here, we investigate a stochastic model accounting for the interplay between polymerization kinetics and motor-induced depolymerization. We determine the dependence of MT length and variance on rate constants and motor concentration. Moreover, our analyses reveal how collective phenomena lead to a well-defined MT length.

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Modelling bacterial flagellar growth

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Construction and Loss of Bacterial Flagellar Filaments

Construction and Loss of Bacterial Flagellar Filaments

Length-dependent flagellar growth of Vibrio alginolyticus revealed by real time fluorescent imaging

Microtubule Length Regulation by Molecular Motors

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