Modelling approach to predict the fire-related heat transfer in porous gypsum based on multi-phase simulations including water vapour transport, phase change and radiative heat transfer

Prieler, René Josef; Langbauer, Raphael; Gerhardter, Hannes; Kitzmüller, Peter; Thumser, Stefan; Schwabegger, Günther; Hochenauer, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.118013

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…After the temperature of the steel studs increased, caused by the fire exposure the water at the studs was re‐evaporated, and subsequently the deformation was increasing again up to −15 to −20 mm after 100 min. More detailed information about the water vapour transport in porous gypsum and mineral wool can be found in references [29, 30]. The maximum deformation of −20 mm observed for high SR values was significantly lower compared to the masonry brick walls for high SR values (Figure 16), where a deformation up to approx.…”

Section: Results—wall Deformationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental analysis of the wall deformation of masonry brick and gypsum‐sheathed stud walls during standardized fire resistance tests of steel doors

Prieler

Kitzmüller²,

Thumser³

et al. 2022

Fire and Materials

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In the case of a fire event, structural components are exposed to a thermal load. To determine the fire resistivity of building components standardized fire resistance tests (FRTs) have to be carried out. Besides the heating and the deformation of building components during the FRT, also the fire response of the adjacent wall construction is important. In the past, the fire response (deformation) of masonry brick and stud walls was examined without building components placed in the wall. However, the thermal expansion of doors and other components is causing a mechanical load on the wall, which is affecting its deformation. Thus, in the present study the deformation of masonry brick walls and gypsum-sheathed stud walls with fire safety steel doors placed in the walls were determined during FRTs. Furthermore, the effect of the different door types, door size and wall thickness on the wall deformation was evaluated. Single leaf doors were approx. 1.3 m Â 2.5 m, while double leaf doors were twice the size. The maximum deformation of the masonry brick walls was between 20 and 40 mm, and was hardly affected by the door type and size. However, larger doors with a higher temperature and thermal expansion showed a slightly increasing deformation. In contrast, stud walls were significantly affected by the door, especially when small doors were used. The wall was deformed up to approx. 100 mm for small doors. Using large doors in the stud wall, the wall deformation was limited to 20 mm.

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Section: Results—wall Deformationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental analysis of the wall deformation of masonry brick and gypsum‐sheathed stud walls during standardized fire resistance tests of steel doors

Prieler

Kitzmüller²,

Thumser³

et al. 2022

Fire and Materials

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“…The deterioration seems to be related to the sedimentation of the products of physical crystallization, causing a higher pressure in the open pores of the material [74]. As shown in Figure 2, the scallop shells had a larger particle size, causing greater porosity [75].…”

Section: Sulfate Attackmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessing Durability Properties and Economic Potential of Shellfish Aquaculture Waste in the Construction Industry: A Circular Economy Perspective

et al. 2022

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The construction industry’s high demand for natural resources, combined with the waste generated by agriculture, creates an opportunity for the circular economy. This experiment used the CaCO3 found in scallop shells as an ingredient for the manufacture of fire-resistant materials, replacing gypsum in compositions of 40% and 50% by weight. The mechanical compressive strength was estimated for both freeze-thaw cycles and acid and sulfate attacks. The cost of disposing of scallop shell waste in landfills, savings from substitution, and the payback period relative to the amount of production were determined. The compressive strength of the materials decreased by 80% when subjected to freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate attack. In response to acid attack, they showed a 100% increase in strength during the first three weeks and a decrease thereafter. The savings amounted to $46.36 (22.4%) for 40% replacement and $58.93 (28.4%) for 50%. Respectively, return on investment is achieved at 800- and 630-per-metric ton produced. The difference between the costs of waste disposal (in aquaculture) and the potential savings from using CaCO3 as a raw material (in construction) creates an opportunity for commercialization between the two industries, serves as a reference for decision-makers, and complies with circular economy principles, reducing both inputs of raw materials and outputs of waste.

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“…Thus, modelling of the adjacent brick wall should be taken into account for future studies of FRTs. A first approach can be found in Prieler et al (2022b).…”

Section: Objectives Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical interaction between the door and the wall affects the deformation of both (wall and test specimen). This was investigated by Prieler et al (2022b), where the wall deformation was also taken into account Contour plot of the door's deformation in z-direction after 10 min using the STWC JSFE leading to a better agreement to the measurement at the upper edge. In contrast, the prediction of the deformation at the door's centre (position "E") was in close accordance to the measured value.…”

Section: Temperature Of the Steel Doormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of a fire resistance test and prediction of the flue gas leakage using CFD/FEM coupling

Prieler

Pletzer

Thumser³

et al. 2023

JSFE

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PurposeIn fire resistance tests (FRTs) of building materials, a crucial criterion to pass the test procedure is to avoid the leakage of the hot flue gases caused by gaps and cracks occurring due to the thermal exposure. The present study's aim is to calculate the deformation of a steel door, which is embedded within a wall made of bricks, and qualitatively determine the flue gas leakage.Design/methodology/approachA computational fluid dynamics/finite element method (CFD/FEM) coupling was introduced representing an intermediate approach between a one-way and a full two-way coupling methodology, leading to a simplified two-way coupling (STWC). In contrast to a full two way-coupling, the heat transfer through the steel door was simulated based on a one-way approach. Subsequently, the predicted temperatures at the door from the one-way simulation were used in the following CFD/FEM simulation, where the fluid flow inside and outside the furnace as well as the deformation of the door were calculated simultaneously.FindingsThe simulation showed large gaps and flue gas leakage above the door lock and at the upper edge of the door, which was in close accordance to the experiment. Furthermore, it was found that STWC predicted similar deformations compared to the one-way coupling.Originality/valueSince two-way coupling approaches for fluid/structure interaction in fire research are computationally demanding, the number of studies is low. Only a few are dealing with the flue gas exit from rooms due to destruction of solid components. Thus, the present study is the first two-way approach dealing with flue gas leakage due to gap formation.

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Modelling approach to predict the fire-related heat transfer in porous gypsum based on multi-phase simulations including water vapour transport, phase change and radiative heat transfer

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Experimental analysis of the wall deformation of masonry brick and gypsum‐sheathed stud walls during standardized fire resistance tests of steel doors

Experimental analysis of the wall deformation of masonry brick and gypsum‐sheathed stud walls during standardized fire resistance tests of steel doors

Assessing Durability Properties and Economic Potential of Shellfish Aquaculture Waste in the Construction Industry: A Circular Economy Perspective

Numerical simulation of a fire resistance test and prediction of the flue gas leakage using CFD/FEM coupling

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