Modelling and Validation of An Electronic Wedge Brake System with Realistic Quarter Car Model for Anti-Lock Braking System Design

Abstract

Automotive vehicles are an integral part of almost every human being in every part of the world. The coming years will see increasing electrification of vehicles. The shift to electric vehicles is driven by the need of energy efficient and eco-friendly vehicles with low CO2 emission. Efficient use of the available energy requires the following [1]: Minimizing power losses in passive mode.  Maximizing efficiency of components.  Controlling power consumption via intelligent battery management and consumers. These factors motivate car companies to move towards drive-by-wire solutions in the future. With the advent of faster and more powerful computers and electronic components, the shift from mechanical systems to mechatronic systems is becoming reality. Mechatronic systems provide smarter, safer and more efficient solutions for vehicles.Drive-by-wire refers to automotive systems which replace the bulky and prone to failure mechanical systems like steering, braking, throttling, by mechatronic components. In drive-by-wire systems, the command signals to achieve the different tasks are carried by wires in form of electric signals and the command is passed on to mechatronic actuators. One such system is brake-by-wire (BBW), where the bulky brake fluids, pumps and pipes are replaced by electric wires, Abstract: With the advancement in battery and electronics technologies, soon Electric Vehicles (EV) will replace traditional vehicles as they are more efficient and environment friendly. This will require replacement of all mechanical systems in vehicles with their electrical counterparts. This study focuses on electromechanical brakes (EMB) as replacement of hydraulics brakes. Particularly a type of EMB known as Electronic Wedge Brake (EWB) which uses wedges to create self reinforcing braking force and consume less power than other EMBs. Detailed mathematical model of an EWB system is presented which provides braking force and torque to the disk brake. A Quarter Car Model (QCM) with realistic parameter values and aerodynamic deceleration is modelled to validate the EWB system. The system is validated for different road conditions and anti-lock braking system (ABS) is demonstrated for snowy road using a single PID controller. The results validate the brake and car model and a need for cascaded control strategy to implement ABS is established.

Mechanism of Cone Wedge Shape Based Electronic Wedge Brake: Model and Experimental Validation

“…In the majority of these studies, force control was favoured over torque control for controlling the EWB, as it is difficult to obtain torque feedback data measurements from the wheel. Due to the unavailability of a suitable force sensor to be mounted in the wedge mechanism, the torque control approach proposed by [1,3,4,38,45,46] was applied in this study. As shown in Figure 9, torque tracking control was implemented to the CW-EWB.…”

“…Despite the advantageous incorporation of extra elements into the EWB design, the study on the wedge angle profile received little consideration. Regardless of the forms of EWB, the majority continued to use the same wedge angle [3,7,8,12,[14][15][16][17][18][19]21,[24][25][26][27]29,30,33,34,[37][38][39] without considering how to determine the optimal wedge angle to reduce the force necessary to pull the wedge out of the abutment. The only differences in design are likely the shape of the wedge and the arrangement of the wedge mechanism in the braking system, which are V-type [8], W-type [22], cross-type [10], and spiral-type wedge profiles [20].…”

Self Tuning PID Control of Antilock Braking System using Electronic Wedge Brake

“…To address this issue, automobile designers have placed a greater emphasis on ABS, with a variety of control methods being developed as well as rapid continuous improvement in control schemes [42]. PID controllers [21,33,37,46], fuzzy logic controllers [5,6,11,13,34,38,46], and sliding mode controllers [8,16,19,20,33,39,41] have gotten a lot of attention. Additionally, researchers are investigating ABS controllers based on Lyapunov stability theory [26,44,47] and other theories to create ABS controllers like adaptive time-varying restriction control [25], multiple-model switching observer (MMSO) algorithm [23], Artificial Neural Network (ANN) [13], and on-board controllers [7].…”