Modelling and Analysis of Electro‐chemical, Thermal, and Reactant Flow Dynamics for a PEM Fuel Cell System

Abstract

In this paper an approach for the dynamic modelling of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is presented. A mathematical formulation based on empirical equations is discussed and several features, exhibiting dynamic phenomena, are investigated. A generalized steady state fuel cell model is extended for the development of a method for dynamic electrochemical analysis. Energy balance and reactant flow dynamics are also explained through physical and empirical relationships. A well‐researched system (Ballard MK5‐E stack based PGS‐105B system) is considered in order to understand the operation of a practical fuel cell unit. Matlab‐SIMULINKTM has been used in simulating the models. The proposed method appears to be relatively simple and consequently requires less computation time. Simulation results are compared with available experimental findings and a good match has been observed.

Sistema de control para reducir el consumo de hidrógeno en celdas de combustible PEM considerando incertidumbres paramétricas

“…the matrix observability has full rank. Then, a continuous-time linear Kalman filter with an addition non-physical variable is proposed by extending the linear system in Equations (18) and (19) to:…”

“…(19). The variable d is a nonphysical state added in order to eliminate any possible offset that can be presented in steady state, i.e.…”

“…Therefore, it is not possible to guarantee an optimal fuel cell operation [11]. Other works have been devoted to model and regulate PEM fuel cells, such as empirical polynomial based approximations [14], performance models based on interpolation and experimental characterization [15], control-oriented models [16]- [18], and models that consider the stack with its auxiliary systems [19]. However, these not necessarily were focused on the oxygen starvation…”

Dynamic characteristics of an automotive fuel cell system for transitory load changes

“…Total energy into the fuel cell is consumed by electrical power output, heat removed by the coolant, heat loss at the stack surface and energy stored by the stack itself. In the current model, a lumped thermal model proposed by Khan and Iqbal [10] is considered. The stack is regarded as a single thermal mass with a heat capacity.…”

Advanced Interchangeable Dynamic Simulation Model for the Optimal Design of a Fuel Cell Power Conditioning System

“…The electrical impedance model for fuel cells using passive components like resistors, inductors, and capacitors is explored [4], [5]. In advanced methods, the electrical circuit model using bipolar junction transistors, diodes, inductors, and capacitors based on Pspice is performed [6].…”