Modelling anaerobic, aerobic and partial nitritation-anammox granular sludge reactors - A review

Abstract

Wastewater treatment processes with granular sludge are compact and are becoming increasingly popular. Interest has been accompanied by the development of mathematical models. This contribution simultaneously reviews available models in the scientific literature for anaerobic, aerobic and partial nitritation-anammox granular sludge reactors because they comprise common phenomena (e.g. liquid, gas and granule transport) and thus pose similar challenges. Many of the publications were found to have no clearly defined goal. The importance of a goal is stressed because it determines the appropriate model complexity and helps other potential users to find a suitable model in the vast amount of literature. Secondly, a wide variety was found in the model features. This review explains the chosen modelling assumptions based on the different reactor types and goals wherever possible, but some assumptions appeared to be habitual within fields of research, without clear reason. We therefore suggest further research to more clearly define the range of operational conditions and goals for which certain simplifying assumptions can be made, e.g. when intragranule solute transport can be lumped in apparent kinetics and when biofilm models are needed, which explicitly calculate substrate concentration gradients inside granules. Furthermore, research is needed to better mechanistically understand detachment, removal of influent particulate matter and changes in the mixing behaviour inside anaerobic systems, before these phenomena can be adequately incorporated in models. Finally, it is suggested to perform fullscale model validation studies for aerobic and anammox reactors. A spreadsheet in the supplementary information provides an overview of the features in the 167 reviewed models.

Anammox Bacteria Determination in the Pharmaceutical Production Wastewater

“…Для візуальної детекції наявності анамокс бактерій застосовували метод FISH мікроскопії з використанням специфічних мічених зондів [5] з деякими модифікаціями в методиці гібридизації мічених зондів (табл.). Зокрема, для збільшення якості гібридизації флуоресцентних зондів з клітинами-мішенями, використовували пробірки типу епендорф об'ємом 1,5 мл як мініатюрну закриту камеру з вологими умовами, необхідними для процесу гібридизації.…”

Bifurcation analysis of an impulsive system describing Partial Nitritation and Anammox in a hybrid reactor

“…An extension of the widely-used Activated Sludge Models (ASMs) to account for nitrite dynamics with the inclusion of biomass terms for the Ammonium and Nitrite Oxidising Organisms (AOB and NOB) as separate state variables [12] has motivated their use for simulation and control of PN/A systems [23,29,30,28,10]. Others have applied modelling to address specific process performance questions in floc-based [19], granular sludge [1] or biofilm systems [7,18], or to explore fundamental questions related to microbial ecology, such as coexistence in nitrifying systems [2] and competition [20,22].…”

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Approach to Modelling of Selected Nitrogen Forms Removal from Oily Wastewater in Anaerobic and Aerobic GSBR Process Phases

“…Due to possibility of arbitrary determination of input and output variables set, ANN models allow for precise reflrction of complex phenomena, including biological wastewater treatment processes. For this reason, artificial neural networks can closer define activated sludge technological parameters conditioning degradation processes of pollutants using aerobic granules [8].…”