Modelled distributions and conservation priorities of wild sorghums (<i>Sorghum</i> Moench)

Myrans, Harry; Díaz, María Victoria Madrid; Khoury, Colin K.; Carver, Daniel; Henry, Robert J.; Gleadow, Roslyn M.

doi:10.1111/ddi.13166

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Thus, the exact number of species is still uncertain. Of the wild sorghum species, 17 are native to Australia (Myrans et al., 2020). Although the genome of domesticated sorghum has been well characterized (Paterson et al., 2009), limited genomic data are available on this diverse gene pool of Australian wild sorghum species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships in the Sorghum genus based on sequencing of the chloroplast and nuclear genes

et al. 2021

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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important food crop with a diverse gene pool residing in its wild relatives. A total of 15 sorghum accessions from the unexploited wild gene pool of the Sorghum genus, representing the five subgenera, were sequenced, and the complete chloroplast genomes and 99 common single-copy concatenated nuclear genes were assembled. Annotation of the chloroplast genomes identified a total of 81 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. The gene content and gene order among the species was identical. A total of 153 nonsynonymous amino acid changes in 40 genes were identified across the species. Phylogenetic analysis of both the whole chloroplast genome and nuclear genes revealed a similar topology with two distinct clades within the genus. The species within the subgenera Eusorghum, Chaetosorghum, and Heterosorghum clustered in one clade, whereas the species within the subgenera Parasorghum and Stiposorghum clustered in a second clade. However, the subgenera Parasorghum and Stiposorghum were not monophyletic, suggesting the need for further research to resolve the relationships within this group. The close relationship between the two monotypic subgenera Chaetosorghum and Heterosorghum suggests that species within these subgenera could be considered as one group. This analysis provides an improved understanding of the genetic relationships within the Sorghum genus and defines diversity in wild sorghum species that may be useful for crop improvement. INTRODUCTIONSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a versatile food crop globally and a staple food in many African and Asian

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships in the Sorghum genus based on sequencing of the chloroplast and nuclear genes

et al. 2021

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“…The dhurrin content in forage sorghum may be high and upon bio-activation generate a HCN content exceeding the 600-ppm maximum content for safe grazing by cattle (Gleadow et al 2016 ). Humans may inadvertently have selected for cyanogenic plants over non-cyanogenic plants during evolution (Cowan et al 2020 ; Jones 1998 ) either because their improved resistance to herbivores (McKey et al 2010 ; Jones 1998 ) or better nitorgen use efficiency (Myrans et al 2020 ; Rosati et al 2019b ). Dhurrin levels decrease with tissue age in sorghum and the highest biosynthesis and accumulation rate is observed in young sorghum seedlings (Busk and Møller 2002 ; Gleadow and Woodrow 2002b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seventeen wild sorghum species endemic to Australia (Ananda et al 2020 ) are known and vary in their resistance to water-stress (Myrans et al 2020 ). The effects of severe water-stress conditions on the growth, morphology, physiological and biological characteristics of wild sorghum species from different subgenera have recently been reported (Cowan et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed differences in dhurrin regulation between domesticated and wild species may mirror the differences in selective pressures encountered in natural and cultivated habitats (Bredeson et al 2016 ). The maintained dhurrin content in the roots of wild sorghum may represent a recyclable reduced nitrogen store facilitating growth in the nutrient poor environments, characteristic of the native ranges of the wild species (Cowan et al 2020 ; Myrans et al 2020 ; Pičmanová et al 2015 ; Dillon et al 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcript profiles of wild and domesticated sorghum under water-stressed conditions and the differential impact on dhurrin metabolism

Ananda

Norton

Blomstedt

et al. 2022

Planta

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Main conclusion Australian native species of sorghum contain negligible amounts of dhurrin in their leaves and the cyanogenesis process is regulated differently under water-stress in comparison to domesticated sorghum species. Abstract Cyanogenesis in forage sorghum is a major concern in agriculture as the leaves of domesticated sorghum are potentially toxic to livestock, especially at times of drought which induces increased production of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. The wild sorghum species endemic to Australia have a negligible content of dhurrin in the above ground tissues and thus represent a potential resource for key agricultural traits like low toxicity. In this study we investigated the differential expression of cyanogenesis related genes in the leaf tissue of the domesticated species Sorghum bicolor and the Australian native wild species Sorghum macrospermum grown in glasshouse-controlled water-stress conditions using RNA-Seq analysis to analyse gene expression. The study identified genes, including those in the cyanogenesis pathway, that were differentially regulated in response to water-stress in domesticated and wild sorghum. In the domesticated sorghum, dhurrin content was significantly higher compared to that in the wild sorghum and increased with stress and decreased with age whereas in wild sorghum the dhurrin content remained negligible. The key genes in dhurrin biosynthesis, CYP79A1, CYP71E1 and UGT85B1, were shown to be highly expressed in S. bicolor. DHR and HNL encoding the dhurrinase and α-hydroxynitrilase catalysing bio-activation of dhurrin were also highly expressed in S. bicolor. Analysis of the differences in expression of cyanogenesis related genes between domesticated and wild sorghum species may allow the use of these genetic resources to produce more acyanogenic varieties in the future.

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“…The conservation gap analysis was built on methods developed over the past decade, first to measure the conservation status of taxa in repositories and to help guide further collecting efforts aimed at building more diverse ex situ collections (Ramírez‐Villegas et al 2010, Castañeda‐Álvarez et al 2016). Recently, the approach was adapted to measure representation within protected natural areas (Khoury et al 2019b, c2019c, d2019d, 2020, Lebeda et al 2019, Mezghani et al 2019, Myrans et al 2020). Such studies have most often been conducted across a range of species within a genus, although they have also been applied at national (Norton et al 2017, Khoury et al 2020) and global (Castañeda‐Álvarez et al 2016, Khoury et al 2019b) levels for specific groups of plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GapAnalysis: an R package to calculate conservation indicators using spatial information

et al. 2021

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Effective assessments of the current status of biodiversity conservation are needed to support planning, policy and action, from local to global levels. Of particular use would be well documented, reproducible methods based on openly accessible data and tools. Such methods should provide an accurate estimate of the state of conservation of diversity, identifying gaps in current conservation systems, while providing a benchmark against which to measure success, including determining when conservation goals have been met. Here we introduce GapAnalysis, an open source R package developed to support the assessment of the state of conservation of taxa, both ex situ (in genebanks, botanic gardens and other repositories) and in situ (in protected natural areas). The eco‐geographic variation maintained in conservation repositories and that present within protected natural areas is compared with the full extent of eco‐geographic variation predicted within species' native ranges. Eco‐geographic conservation gaps are identified, and taxa are then prioritized for further action. The package enables users to quickly determine conservation status, gaps and priorities for as few as one to as many as thousands of taxa, for any wild flora or fauna for which occurrence data and species distribution models are available. To demonstrate the use of GapAnalysis, we provide case studies for wild plant taxa in the genera Capsicum L. and Cucurbita L, with an accompanying online R tutorial for three of the Cucurbita species.

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Modelled distributions and conservation priorities of wild sorghums (Sorghum Moench)

Cited by 11 publications

References 67 publications

Phylogenetic relationships in the Sorghum genus based on sequencing of the chloroplast and nuclear genes

Phylogenetic relationships in the Sorghum genus based on sequencing of the chloroplast and nuclear genes

Transcript profiles of wild and domesticated sorghum under water-stressed conditions and the differential impact on dhurrin metabolism

GapAnalysis: an R package to calculate conservation indicators using spatial information

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