Modeling the Primary Breakup of High-Speed Jets

Physical modelling and advanced simulations of gas–liquid two-phase jet flows in atomization and sprays

“…Especially, one-dimensional Eulerian approach has been adopted to simulate the dense spray regime [184À186], which can further reduce the computational cost. In a recent modelling of the primary breakup of high-speed jets, Yi and Reitz [186] calculate the jet breakup characteristics by tracking the wave growth on the surface of each liquid blob using a one-dimensional Eulerian approach. The breakup model has been used to predict drop size, jet breakup length, and spray liquid penetration length.…”

Spraying and Atomizing of Liquids

“…With very high discharge velocities, typically higher than 150 m/s, fine drops can also be produced by smooth cylindrical nozzles, e.g., in diesel injection [99][100][101][102][103]. The following relationship has been obtained from validated simulations (KIVA software) for the drop sizes and breakup duration of turbulent jets emerging from cylindrical nozzles with a length to diameter ratio of L/d ¼ 4 when We g < 1000 [104]:…”

KIVA-4: An unstructured ALE code for compressible gas flow with sprays

“…Previous versions of KIVA always set v fc to 1 4 . Using (24), (20) can be rewrittten in the form with which it is solved…”

“…KIVA-3V [2] added vertical or canted valves and a particle-based liquid wall film model. Due partly to its open source distribution, KIVA-3V has been used extensively by universities and industry to perform engine simulations and to serve as a platform for physics sub-model development [14,[19][20][21]. Throughout the versions of the KIVA code, the ALE method has continued to be used due to its attractive feature of integrating efficiently fluid transport equations with moving solid boundaries.…”