Modeling the inactivation of ascaris eggs as a function of ammonia concentration and temperature

Fidjeland, Jörgen; Nordin, Annika; Pecson, Brian M.; Nelson, Kara L.; Vinnerås, Björn

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.030

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Pathogen microorganism in sludge and the change in vitality when sludge is harmless treated followed by being recycled to soil Sludge contains broad-spectrum profile of pathogenic microorganisms due to originating from domestic sewage, which is abundant in all kinds of bacteria (Arora et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015;Scheinemann et al, 2015), such as fecal coliform (Cabanas-Vargas et al, 2013;Ozdemir et al, 2013;Rhodes et al, 2015), Salmonella coli (Bonetta et al, 2014;Cabanas-Vargas et al, 2013;Levantesi et al, 2015), Escherichia coli (Levantesi et al, 2015;Verbyla et al, 2016;Pascual-Benito et al, 2015). In addition, there are a plenty of ascaris egg in sludge because most of its solid constitute is mainly from human faeces (Darimani et al, 2016;Verbyla et al, 2016;Fidjeland et al, 2015Fidjeland et al, , 2013. Main pretreatment measures are usually employed prior to recycling to soil, such as aerobic compost and anaerobic digestion, which are effective in inactivating or eliminating most of their vitalities (Cabanas-Vargas et al, 2013;Kjerstadius et al, 2013;Sreesai et al, 2013).…”

Section: Organic Matter Plays Crucial Role In Availability Of Heavy Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achilles heel of environmental risk from recycling of sludge to soil as amendment: A summary in recent ten years (2007–2016)

Liu

2016

Waste Management

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a b s t r a c tRecycling sludge as a soil amendment has both positive and negative effects because of its enrichment in both nutrients and contaminants. So far, the negative effect has to be extensively investigated that the severities of different types of contaminants also remain unclear. The environmental behavior and risk of organic contaminant and pharmaceuticals, heavy metal and salt as well as pathogenic microorganisms brought by sludge amendment are summarized and discussed here. Organic contaminants and pharmaceuticals are typically found at low concentrations in sludge, the risks from sludge-amended soil decrease over time owing to its biodegradability. On the other hand, application of sludge generally increases soil salinity, which may cause physiological damage to plants grown in sludge-amended soil. In some extent, this negative effect can be alleviated by means of dilution; however, greater attention should be paid to long term increasing possible risk of eutrophication. Heavy metal (particularly of mobile heavy metals, such as Cd) with high concentrations in sludge and soil receiving considerable sludge can cause its incremental abundance in soil and crop contamination, further posing risks to humans, but most cases showed that there remained not excessive in heavy metal caused by sludge amendment. It is worth noting that increasing soil organic matter content may reduce transfer of heavy metal from soil to crops, but not restrict its uptake by crops at all. Combined literature together, it is summarized that heavy metal becomes a relatively severe bottleneck in recycling of sludge as soil amendment due to its nonbiodegradability and potential damage to health by adventuring contamination from agricultural products. Particular attention should therefore be paid to long term monitoring the change of heavy metals concentration in sludge amended soil.

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Section: Organic Matter Plays Crucial Role In Availability Of Heavy Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achilles heel of environmental risk from recycling of sludge to soil as amendment: A summary in recent ten years (2007–2016)

Liu

2016

Waste Management

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“…In its neutral dissolved form, aqueous ammonia (NH 3(aq) ) is a major nitrogen source for bacteria, eukaryotic microbes, fungi, and plants. However, NH 3(aq) may become harmful at elevated concentrations (13); it was found to have biocidal activity against most pathogenic microorganisms ( [14][15][16][17][18], and it was shown to be the main substance responsible for virus die-off in sludge (19). NH 3(aq) can thus be considered an in situ sanitizer naturally present in HEAM.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ammonia as an In Situ Sanitizer: Influence of Virus Genome Type on Inactivation

Decrey

Kazama

Kohn

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Treatment. DNA and dsRNA viruses were considerably more resistant than ssRNA viruses, resulting in up to 1,000-fold-longer treatment times to reach a 4-log inactivation. The apparently slower inactivation of DNA viruses was rationalized by the higher stability of DNA than that of ssRNA in HEAM. Pushing the system toward harsher pH (>9) and temperature (>35°C) conditions, such as those encountered in thermophilic digestion and alkaline treatments, led to more consistent inactivation kinetics among ssRNA and other viruses. This suggests that the dependence of inactivation on genome type disappeared in favor of protein-mediated inactivation mechanisms common to all viruses. Finally, we recommend the use of MS2 as a conservative indicator to assess the inactivation of ssRNA viruses and the stable ⌽X174 or dsDNA phages as indicators for persistent viruses. IMPORTANCEViruses are among the most environmentally persistent pathogens. They can be present in high concentrations in human excreta and animal manure (HEAM). Therefore, appropriate treatment of HEAM is important prior to its reuse or discharge into the environment. Here, we investigated the factors that determine the persistence of viruses in HEAM, and we determined the main mechanisms that lead to their inactivation. Unlike other organisms, viruses can have four different genome types (double-or single-stranded RNA or DNA), and the viruses studied herein represent all four types. Genome type appeared to be the major determinant for persistence. Single-stranded RNA viruses are the most labile, because this genome type is susceptible to degradation in HEAM. In contrast, the other genome types are more stable; therefore, inactivation is slower and mainly driven by the degradation of viral proteins. Overall, this study allows us to better understand the behavior of viruses in HEAM.

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“…The search for the most effective methods of controlling ascariasis of swine continues to this day. For deactivation of the eggs of these nematodes, ammonia is used (Nordin et al, 2009;Fidjeland et al, 2015). The temperature of NH 3 is an essential factor: increase in temperature speeds up the deactivation of A. suum eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the viability of the eggs of Ascaris suum under the influence of flavourings and source materials approved for use in and on foods

Boyko

Brygadyrenko

2017

Biosys. divers.

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One of the most common parasitic diseases of pigs globally is ascariasis. It is caused by the nematode Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 (Nematoda, Ascaridata), which parasitises the small intestine of pigs in its mature form and the respiratory system at the larval stage. This helminthiasis causes immense damage to swine-rearing. Control of the ascariasis pathogen in the host's organism and in the environment is essential for the health of the animals and successful swinerearing. The results of studying the effect of flavourings and source materials approved for use in and on foodscinnamaldehyde (0656 Codex Alimentarius), benzoic acid (Е 210 Codex Alimentarius) and methylparaben (Е 218 Codex Alimentarius) on the viability of invasive eggs of A. suum are useful for determining the minimum concentration of solution of these substances for use against eggs of A. suum (10 g/l). The lowest efficiency against invasive eggs of A. suum was obtained for methylparaben (LD 50 = 3850 ± 2130 mg/l), the highest was obtained with cinnamaldehyde (LD 50 = 2437 ± 864 mg/l), and benzoic acid (LD 50 = 1240 ± 680 mg/l).

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Modeling the inactivation of ascaris eggs as a function of ammonia concentration and temperature

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Achilles heel of environmental risk from recycling of sludge to soil as amendment: A summary in recent ten years (2007–2016)

Achilles heel of environmental risk from recycling of sludge to soil as amendment: A summary in recent ten years (2007–2016)

Ammonia as an In Situ Sanitizer: Influence of Virus Genome Type on Inactivation

Changes in the viability of the eggs of Ascaris suum under the influence of flavourings and source materials approved for use in and on foods

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