Modeling the Impact of Carbon Amendments on Soil Ecosystem Functions Using the 1D-ICZ Model

Kotronakis, Manolis; Giannakis, Giorgos; Nikolaidis, Nikolaos P.; Rowe, Ed; Valstar, Johan; Paranychianakis, Nikolaos V.; Banwart, Steven A.

doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2016.10.010

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Conceptual site models of the 4 CZOs (Figure 4a Results of the ICZM model calibration for the Koiliaris CZO horticulture experiments, which are reported in detail by Giannakis et al (2016), demonstrate the dynamics of soil structure development and the associated dynamics of organic C content within aggregate size fractions ( Figure 6a,b). For the simulated 10-year period, corresponding to conventional horticulture practices utilising mineral fertiliser to supplement soil fertility, there are intra-annual fluctuations in soil organic carbon content and soil structure due to organic C inputs and removal during the cropping season, and a longterm decline in soil organic carbon (on the order of 10%) primarily associated to loss of carbon from macroaggregates (d p > 250 µm).…”

Section: Overview Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The detailed results reported by Kotronakis et al, (2016) show how bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity are calculated from changes in soil structure. These dynamic properties of soil are in turn utilised by the modelling code to quantify water and gas content, plant available water and uptake, infiltration flow and vertical advective transport velocity.…”

Section: Overview Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed studies (summarised in Table 1) published previously or reported in this volume illustrate this methodology to implement soil characterisation and field experimental data (Rouseva et al, 2016;Regelink et al, 2015;Blaud et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016a,b;Liu et al, 2016) in mathematical modelling studies to quantify changes in soil carbon and structure and the relation of soil structure changes to changes in soil functions (Stamati et al, 2013;Li et al, 2015;Andrianaki et al, 2016); synthesis of modelling results for soil C sequestration, soil aggregation and soil structure development across multiple sites in the USA, Europe and China , application of parameter sets and model simulations to evaluate biophysical flows and transformations that define multiple soil functions (Kotronakis et al, 2016;Giannakis et al, 2016); and their translation into environmental service flows for economic valuation (Jónsson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Overview Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bulk soil physical properties, particularly pore size distribution and permeability, impact water holding capacity and drainage rates (Rouseva et al, 2016). Increasing soil aggregation increases both the potential for water storage within the micropores of aggregating soil (Regelink, 2015;Rouseva et al, 2016) and the potential for improved drainage through the larger resulting interaggregate pores (Kotronakis et al, 2016). Therefore, enhanced soil functions of water storage and transmission correlate with increased soil aggregation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described by Kotronakis et al (2016), the ICZM (Figure 3) integrates process descriptions from the CAST model for structure and carbon dynamics (Stamati et al, 2013) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Functions in Earth's Critical Zone

Banwart

Bernasconi

Blum

et al. 2017

Advances in Agronomy

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This chapter summarises the methods, results and conclusions of a 5-year research project (SoilTrEC: soil transformations in European catchments) on experimentation, process modelling and computational simulation of soil functions and soil threats across a network of European, Chinese and USA Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs). The study focussed on the soil functions of biomass production, carbon storage, water storage and transmission, water filtration, transformation of nutrients and maintaining habitat and genetic diversity.The principal results demonstrated that soil functions can be quantified as biophysical flows and transformations of material and energy and simulated with mathematical models of soil processes within the soil profile and at the critical zone interfaces with vegetation and atmosphere, surface waters and the below-ground vadose zone and groundwater. A new dynamic model for soil structure development, together with data sets from the CZOs, demonstrate both seasonal fluctuations in soil structure dynamics related to vegetation dynamics and soil carbon inputs, and long-term trends (decade) trends in soil carbon storage and soil structure development.Cross-site comparison for 20 soil profiles at 7 field sites with variation in soil type, lithology, land cover, land use and climate demonstrated that sites can be classified using model parameter values for soil aggregation processes together with climatic conditions and soil physical properties, along a trajectory of soil structure development from incipient soil formation through productive land use to overly-intensive land use with soil degradation.A new modelling code, the Integrated Critical Zone Model, was applied with parameter sets developed from the CZO site data to simulate the biophysical flows and transformations that quantify multiple soil functions. Process simulations coupled the new model for soil structure dynamics with existing modelling approaches for soil carbon dynamics, nutrient transformations, vegetation dynamics, hydrological flow and transport, and geochemical equilibria and mineral weathering reactions. Successful calibration, testing and application of the model with data sets from horticulture plot manipulation experiments demonstrate the potential to apply modelling and simulation to the scoping and design of new practices and policy options to enhance soil functions and reduce soil threats worldwide.

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Section: Overview Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Overview Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described by Kotronakis et al (2016), the ICZM (Figure 3) integrates process descriptions from the CAST model for structure and carbon dynamics (Stamati et al, 2013) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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