Factors Controlling Soil Structure Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration Across Different Climatic and Lithological Conditions

Panakoulia, Sotiria; Nikolaidis, Nikolaos P.; Paranychianakis, Nikolaos V.; Menon, Manoj; Schiefer, Jasmin; Lair, Georg J.; Krám, Pavel; Banwart, Steven A.

doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2016.10.008

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Such efforts on cross-site programmes for observation and modelling are underway (Brantley et al, 2015). The experience obtained from jointly studying the range of sites presented by Panakoulia et al (2016) can offer evidence for successful experimental design as well as hindsight for potential pitfalls to be avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Functions in Earth's Critical Zone

Banwart

Bernasconi

Blum

et al. 2017

Advances in Agronomy

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This chapter summarises the methods, results and conclusions of a 5-year research project (SoilTrEC: soil transformations in European catchments) on experimentation, process modelling and computational simulation of soil functions and soil threats across a network of European, Chinese and USA Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs). The study focussed on the soil functions of biomass production, carbon storage, water storage and transmission, water filtration, transformation of nutrients and maintaining habitat and genetic diversity.The principal results demonstrated that soil functions can be quantified as biophysical flows and transformations of material and energy and simulated with mathematical models of soil processes within the soil profile and at the critical zone interfaces with vegetation and atmosphere, surface waters and the below-ground vadose zone and groundwater. A new dynamic model for soil structure development, together with data sets from the CZOs, demonstrate both seasonal fluctuations in soil structure dynamics related to vegetation dynamics and soil carbon inputs, and long-term trends (decade) trends in soil carbon storage and soil structure development.Cross-site comparison for 20 soil profiles at 7 field sites with variation in soil type, lithology, land cover, land use and climate demonstrated that sites can be classified using model parameter values for soil aggregation processes together with climatic conditions and soil physical properties, along a trajectory of soil structure development from incipient soil formation through productive land use to overly-intensive land use with soil degradation.A new modelling code, the Integrated Critical Zone Model, was applied with parameter sets developed from the CZO site data to simulate the biophysical flows and transformations that quantify multiple soil functions. Process simulations coupled the new model for soil structure dynamics with existing modelling approaches for soil carbon dynamics, nutrient transformations, vegetation dynamics, hydrological flow and transport, and geochemical equilibria and mineral weathering reactions. Successful calibration, testing and application of the model with data sets from horticulture plot manipulation experiments demonstrate the potential to apply modelling and simulation to the scoping and design of new practices and policy options to enhance soil functions and reduce soil threats worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Functions in Earth's Critical Zone

Banwart

Bernasconi

Blum

et al. 2017

Advances in Agronomy

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“…In general, increased SOM (Panakoulia et al 2017;Regelink et al 2015) and organic amendments (Mangalassery et al 2019) are associated with increased aggregation and hence plant water availability (Eden et al 2017). Although the capacity of organic amendments for aggregate formation seems to vary (Dai et al 2019), there is little comprehensive knowledge on the relationship between the nature of organic inputs and aggregate formation.…”

Section: Aggregation Aeration Water Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-functionality of organic matter in soils

et al. 2020

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Background Soil organic matter (SOM) supports multiple soil ecosystem functions, underpinned by processes such as C sequestration, N mineralization, aggregation, promotion of plant health and compound retention. We know little about the relationship between these functions and SOM quality. Scope We aimed to develop “eco-functionality” as a framework to address questions on the relation between SOM properties and soil ecosystem functions. Conclusions Paradigm shifts in SOM research have not led to metrics for eco-functionality beyond decomposability and C:N ratio. Recalcitrant OM is under-researched despite its essential role in aggregation and C sequestration, especially in C-saturated soils. Most soil functions are dependent on SOM decomposition and require labile compounds. We conclude that eco-functionality is context-dependent and needs to take time scales into account. We plea for attempts to link operationally defined SOM fractions to functions in order to make SOM research more applicable.

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“…Some soils are ancient-some as old as 3.7 billion years-and some formed during recent geologic events, such as glacier retreat, in recent centuries. 56,57 Geologic origins and age are signicant aspects of soil variation, but they are certainly not the only ones. The weathering of soil minerals, plant and animal diversity, climate, and land use all contribute to the evolution of soil.…”

Section: Considering Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%