Modeling the effects of density dependent emigration, weak Allee effects, and matrix hostility on patch-level population persistence

Cronin, James T.; Fonseka, Nalin; Goddard, Jerome; Leonard, Jackson M.; Shivaji, R.

doi:10.3934/mbe.2020090

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Some of these assumptions have the potential to influence our results on the evolution of dispersal and the environmental niche. First, the assumption of large‐scale and random dispersal is not found as ubiquitous in nature and a high number of different and not mutually exclusive dispersal types and strategies can be found (Bowler and Benton 2005, Jacob et al 2018, 2019, Fobert et al 2019, Schwarzmueller et al 2019, Ducros et al 2020, Kisdi et al 2020, Cronin et al 2020). In particular in spatially autocorrelated landscapes more local dispersal may be a better strategy as it assures immigration into habitats more similar to the habitat of origin (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously, dispersal implies the ability of organisms, even under stable (average) conditions, to spread to new habitats, exchange genes between patches, and increase inclusive fitness (Bowler and Benton 2005, Mortier et al 2018). However, it can affect the survival of metapopulations both positively and negatively (Fobert et al 2019, Jacob et al 2019, Kisdi et al 2020, Masier and Bonte 2020, Cronin et al 2020). Due to the spread of genes between patches, maladaptations can spread as well as beneficial adaptations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal

Sieger

Hovestadt

2020

Oikos

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In the face of ongoing global climate and land use change, organisms have multiple possibilities to cope with the modification of their environment. The two main possibilities are to either adapt locally or disperse to a more suitable habitat. The evolution of both local adaptation and dispersal interacts and can be influenced by the spatial and temporal variation (of e.g. temperature or precipitation). In an individual based model (IBM), we explore evolution of phenotypes in landscapes with varying degree of spatial relative to global temporal variation in order to examine its influence on the evolution of dispersal, niche optimum and niche width. The relationship between temporal and spatial variation did neither influence the evolution of local adaptation in the niche optimum nor of niche widths. Dispersal probability is highly influenced by the spatio‐temporal relationship: with increasing spatial variation, dispersal probability decreases. Additionally, the shape of the distribution of the trait values over patch attributes switches from hump‐ to U‐shaped. At low spatial variance more individuals emigrate from average habitats, at high spatial variance more from extreme habitats. The comparatively high dispersal probability in extreme patches of landscapes with a high spatial variation can be explained by evolutionary succession of two kinds of adaptive response. Early in the simulations, extreme patches in landscapes with a high spatial variability act as sink habitats, where population persistence depends on highly dispersive individuals with a wide niche. With ongoing evolution, local adaptation of the remaining individuals takes over, but simultaneously a possible bet‐hedging strategy promotes higher dispersal probabilities in those habitats. Here, in generations that experience extreme shifts from the temporal mean of the patch attribute, the expected fitness becomes higher for dispersing individuals than for philopatric individuals. This means that under certain circumstances, both local adaptation and high dispersal probability can be selected for for coping with the projected environmental changes in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal

Sieger

Hovestadt

2020

Oikos

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“…where Ω is a bounded region in R N ; N > 1 with smooth boundary ∂Ω, u is the population density normalized such that the carrying capacity is one, ∂u ∂η is the outward normal derivative of u on ∂Ω, and f (u) = 1 a u(u + a)(1 − u) represents a weak Allee effect type growth of the population with a ∈ (0, 1) being a parameter measuring the strength of the weak Allee effect (in the sense that per-capita growth rate is increasing for u ∈ [0, 1−a 2 )). See [3] for a detailed derivation of the timedependent model corresponding to (1), namely,    u t = 1 λ ∆u + f (u); t > 0, x ∈ Ω u(0, x) = u 0 (x); x ∈ Ω α(u) ∂u ∂η + γ √ λ[1 − α(u)]u = 0; t > 0, x ∈ ∂Ω,…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A patch-level Allee effect is predicted by a reaction diffusion model when a version of bi-stable population dynamics occurs such that the trivial steady state and a positive steady state are both stable. In this case, there will exist a threshold for which the initial population density must exceed in order for the model to predict persistence (see [3], [10], [7], and [2]). Lemma 2.3 in [3] allows for determination of the existence of a patch-level Allee effect based solely upon the existence of a positive solution of (3) for λ < E 1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, there will exist a threshold for which the initial population density must exceed in order for the model to predict persistence (see [3], [10], [7], and [2]). Lemma 2.3 in [3] allows for determination of the existence of a patch-level Allee effect based solely upon the existence of a positive solution of (3) for λ < E 1 . Clearly, when Property A is satisfied the model (2) will exhibit a patch-level Allee effect for λ ∈ [λ, E 1 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A diffusive weak Allee effect model with U-shaped emigration and matrix hostility

Fonseka¹,

Goddard²,

Shivaji³

et al. 2021

DCDS-B

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Density‐dependent within‐patch movement behavior of two competing species

Cronin,

Goddard,

Krivchenia

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Movement behavior is central to understanding species distributions, population dynamics and coexistence with other species. Although the relationship between conspecific density and emigration has been well studied, little attention has been paid to how interspecific competitor density affects another species' movement behavior. We conducted releases of two species of competing Tribolium flour beetles at different densities, alone and together in homogeneous microcosms, and tested whether their recaptures‐with‐distance were well described by a random‐diffusion model. We also determined whether mean displacement distances varied with the release density of conspecific and heterospecific beetles. A diffusion model provided a good fit to the redistribution of T. castaneum and T. confusum at all release densities, explaining an average of >60% of the variation in recaptures. For both species, mean displacement (directly proportional to the diffusion rate) exhibited a humped‐shaped relationship with conspecific density. Finally, we found that both species of beetle impacted the within‐patch movement rates of the other species, but the effect depended on density. For T. castaneum in the highest density treatment, the addition of equal numbers of T. castaneum or T. confusum had the same effect, with mean displacements reduced by approximately one half. The same result occurred for T. confusum released at an intermediate density. In both cases, it was total beetle abundance, not species identity that mattered to mean displacement. We suggest that displacement or diffusion rates that exhibit a nonlinear relationship with density or depend on the presence or abundance of interacting species should be considered when attempting to predict the spatial spread of populations or scaling up to heterogeneous landscapes.

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Modeling the effects of density dependent emigration, weak Allee effects, and matrix hostility on patch-level population persistence

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal

The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal

A diffusive weak Allee effect model with U-shaped emigration and matrix hostility

Density‐dependent within‐patch movement behavior of two competing species

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