Modeling the coastal ecosystem complex: present situation and challenges

Abstract

To enhance numerical modeling of the coastal ecosystem complex (CEC), we reviewed the CEC and related concepts along with the current coastal ecosystem model framework in this study. We identified two model implementation paths from the initial objectives to numerical models: specific model building, and the use of existing model frameworks. As the CEC is still at the conceptual stage, both paths are possible. Four important ecological features of CEC modeling (population connectivity, habitat heterogeneity, ontogeny of organisms, and trophic interactions) were also identified. Models for population connectivity, species distributions, life histories, and food webs were categorized using these features. We found that some previously established concepts (between-habitat interactions, coastal ecosystem mosaic, and seascape nursery) overlap with the CEC concept. Several existing integrated model frameworks were reviewed, focusing on their potential to simulate CEC processes. Building specific models for the CEC at the current conceptual stage will be challenging, and modification of existing models will be needed if they are to be used for CEC modeling. Habitat function, ontogenetic development in early life stages, and recruitment variability are important factors when modifying existing models for the development of CEC models. Although model complexity should become high to reproduce observed ecoclogical processes, an intermediate level of model ccomplexity is feasible to decrease parameter uncertainty in models for fisheries management.

Toward Improved Model Capacities for Assessment of Climate Impacts on Coastal Bentho-Pelagic Food Webs and Ecosystem Services

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Peran Ekosistem Mangrove Sebagai Habitat Populasi Tuntong Laut (Batagur borneoensis, Schlegel & Muller, 1844)

“…Selain itu, perubahan struktur komunitas dalam suatu ekosistem disebabkan karena terjadinya perubahan iklim akibat pengaruh aktivitas antropogenik, seperti masuknya bahan pencemaran organik diakibatkan pembuangan limbah rumah tangga dan industri (Outerbridge, et al 2016) terkontaminasi oleh logam dan hidrokarbon (Outerbridge, et al 2016). (Itoh, et al 2018). Peningkatan terhadap layanan ekosistem diukur dengan penilaian, indikator, metode kuantifikasi dan strategi pengelolaan dengan pendekatan berbagai konsep (Burkhard, et al 2014;Jamison, et al 2016).…”

Developing a Redox Network for Coastal Saltmarsh Systems in the PFLOTRAN Reaction Model

“…Earth system models (ESMs) have been used to study global carbon cycling for both hindcasting and forecasting (Anav et al, 2013;Arora et al, 2013;Burrows et al, 2020;Dunne et al, 2013). While open ocean and terrestrial ecosystems are represented in ESMs, nearshore ecosystems are often excluded (Collins et al, 2011;Itoh et al, 2018;Kay et al, 2015;Ward et al, 2020;Weaver et al, 2001). Nearshore ecosystems such as tidal wetlands are represented in coastal wetland hydrology models (Zhang et al, 2018) or in models designed to operate at smaller spatial scales but have not been incorporated to date in Earth-scale models designed for fully coupled, prognostic representation of plant-water-soil interactions (O'Meara et al, 2021).…”