Modeling the Chemical Composition of Acid Rain in Southern California

Liljestrand, Howard M.; Morgan, James J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3060-8_6

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Unfortunately, the conductivity balance cannot ensure that all minor species were quantified, a consequence of the uncertainty in comparing large numbers with resultant small differences. The conductivity balance is also insensitive to nonionic species and species of low mobility (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since there are more chemical species than sources, the least-squares best fit of the overdetermined system of equátions is found to give the best estimate of each source contribution. There are still uncertainties in this type of mixingmodel calculation because of assumptions concerning the major sources and fractionation of species between the source and sink (31). Slinn (39) has reviewed the average fractionation factors for precipitation scavenging of a number of atmospheric species, both gases and aerosols.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial variations of acid precipitation in southern California

Liljestrand¹,

Morgan

1981

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variations of acid precipitation in southern California

Liljestrand¹,

Morgan

1981

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Relations Between Aerosol Acidity and Ion Balance

Winkler

1986

Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems

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Chemical consequences of mixing atmospheric droplets of varied pH

Perdue¹,

Beck²

1988

J. Geophys. Res.

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The mixing of droplets of different pH and acid‐neutralizing capacity that occurs when bulk samples of cloud, fog, and rainwater are collected yields solutions that are not in equilibrium with the atmosphere in which the droplets originally equilibrated. In most instances, bulk solutions are expected to outgas volatile solutes to reestablish equilibrium with the atmosphere, with concomitant changes in solution pH. This mixing‐induced gas exchange complicates equilibrium and kinetic modeling of pH‐dependent atmospheric processes and limits the use of bulk samples for estimation of atmospheric fluxes of volatile weak acids and bases (SO2(g), NH3(g), etc.). Calculations that attempt to interrelate bulk solution pH, bulk solution S(IV) concentration, and atmospheric SO2(g) partial pressure are shown to be fundamentally incorrect, unless the bulk sample has completely reequilibrated with the same atmosphere in which its component droplets were formed. A theoretical proof and several numerical examples are presented to show that droplet mixing at constant atmospheric partial pressures of soluble gases cannot occur without gas exchange.

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Modeling the Chemical Composition of Acid Rain in Southern California

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Spatial variations of acid precipitation in southern California

Spatial variations of acid precipitation in southern California

Relations Between Aerosol Acidity and Ion Balance

Chemical consequences of mixing atmospheric droplets of varied pH

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