Spatial variations of acid precipitation in southern California

Liljestrand, Howard M.; Morgan, James J.

doi:10.1021/es00085a010

Cited by 83 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…According to Liljestrand and Morgan (1981), wet deposition ranged between 5.0 and 164µeq/L (0.177 to 5.8 mg/L). The lowest was at Wrightwood (San Gabriel Mts.)…”

Section: Issues In Chloride Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion Regarding Sources and Ages of Groundwater in Southeastern California

Davisson¹

2000

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“…According to Liljestrand and Morgan (1981), wet deposition ranged between 5.0 and 164µeq/L (0.177 to 5.8 mg/L). The lowest was at Wrightwood (San Gabriel Mts.)…”

Section: Issues In Chloride Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion Regarding Sources and Ages of Groundwater in Southeastern California

Davisson¹

2000

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“…Assuming the existence of an Henry's Law equilibrium for ammonia between the gas and Ocean phases, (NH,), over the Ocean can be calculated following the method of Georgii and Gravenhorst (1977) and Ayers and Grass (1980). At 15"C, the Henry's Law constant for NH3, K,,, is 0.0105 atm 1 mol-I (Liljestrand and Morgan, 1981). K,, as defined in eq.…”

Section: Ammonia In the Ocean N H 3 (S) + Nh: (S)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia, the dominant base in the remote marine troposphere: a review

Quinn¹,

Charlson²,

Zoller³

1987

Tellus B

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Ammonia appears to be the dominant base in the remote marine troposphere, yet its rôle in atmospheric acid‐base chemistry is not well understood. The physical and chemical interactions of ammonia with acidic species is complicated by its presence in the gas and particle phases and in cloud‐, rain‐ and seawater. This review summarizes the reported ammonia concentration data in these 5 phases as well as existing sampling and analysis methods. An attempt is made to compare these data using equilibrium and scavenging calculations. The lowest measured ammonia gas phase concentrations appear to be consistent with reported sulfate and ammonium concentrations in the particulate phase. The high gas phase concentrations of ammonia found in older data appear to be a result of sampling artifacts. Reported ammonium particle and rainwater data also appear to be consistent with each other. Calculations suggest that ammonia may be in equilibrium between the gas phase and the ocean surface. To confirm or refute these conclusions, the simultaneous measurement of ammonia and relevant acidic species in all 5 phases is needed.

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“…Soluble organic carbon is an important component of the atmosphere. Liljestrand and Morgan (1981) observed that organic carbon was the dominant component by mass of rainwater collected in Los Angeles, while Likens et al (1983) established that carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids contribute a major portion of the dissolved organic carbon in rainwater. Carboxylic acids can be the dominant source of free acidity in rainwater, particularly in remote regions where strong mineral acids are scarce (Galloway et al, 1982; Keene et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxylic acids and carbonyl compounds in southern California clouds and fogs

Munger¹,

Collett²,

Daube³

et al. 1989

Tellus B

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Formaldehyde, formate, and acetate have been determined in fog and cloudwater from several areas of southern California. Up to 190 pM formate and acetate was seen in high pH fog samples from the San Joaquin Valley. Formaldehyde concentrations as high as 500 pM were observed there. Organic acid concentrations were much lower at an acidic site along the margin of the valley. Fog from Riverside, CA had maximum concentrations of 1500 and 500 pM formate and acetate. The highest concentrations were observed in the samples with highest pH. Formaldehyde at Riverside was as high as 380 pM. Average formate and acetate concentrations in intercepted stratus clouds from the Santa Barbara Channel coast and San Pedro Hill were 20-60 pM and 1Ck30 pM, respectively. Formaldehyde concentrations in stratus clouds were 1&20 pM. Because the lifetime of a cloud or fog droplet is usually much longer than the characteristic time for interfacial mass transport, hydration or dissociation, droplets can be assumed to be in equilibrium with their surroundings. The product of aqueousphase concentration and liquid water content in the cloud (fog) is nearly always much less than the predicted equilibrium partial pressure. Only the high pH fogs from the San Joaquin Valley have the potential to deplete the gas-phase reservoir of organic acid.

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Spatial variations of acid precipitation in southern California

Cited by 83 publications

References 26 publications

Discussion Regarding Sources and Ages of Groundwater in Southeastern California

Discussion Regarding Sources and Ages of Groundwater in Southeastern California

Ammonia, the dominant base in the remote marine troposphere: a review

Carboxylic acids and carbonyl compounds in southern California clouds and fogs

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