Modeling the Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterobacteria Responsible for Urinary Tract Infections in Benin: Another Way to Control Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract

Background: Infectious diseases are serious public health issue both in developing countries and industrialized nations. In developing countries, they are the main cause of high mortality rates. In the second group, existing resistance strains to antibiotics is developing and growing at an alarming rate. The purpose of this study was to produce data of national interest to implement sustainable control program against the spread of antimicrobial resistance strains in Benin.
 Methods: One hundred and ninety (190) urine samples were collected in selected hospitals in Benin from patients with urinary tract infection. After getting the informed consent from the patients, samples collections were performed under aseptic conditions and cultured for further analysis in the laboratory. The resistance profile of the bacterial strains was established. The search for beta-lactamase production by the isolates was performed using the synergy test for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalosporins. Mathematical modeling for predicting the development of resistance of the strains by the year 2024 was carried out employing the compartmental deterministic models.
 Results: Two hundred and thirty (230) strains were identified from the urine samples. Male individuals were the most affected by urinary tract infections. Individuals between the ages of 21-30 were predominantly infected. E. coli was the most isolated species (32.43%) in the urine samples, followed by K. pneumoniae (26.85%) and E. cloacae (25.92%). The susceptibility testing of isolates showed a high resistance to amoxicillin (91.82%). Whereas the lowest resistance was to imipenem (2%). The beta-lactamase was produced by 24.03% of the strains. Escherichia coli (32.43%) was the most productive of broad spectrum beta-lactamase, followed by K. pneumoniae (31.03%). The mathematical modeling revealed a rampant rise in resistance development of the strains to the tested antibiotics.
 Conclusions: These results provide important data for developing new preventive strategies against the evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. It therefore, further deserves a constructive advocacy so that more actions are taken against the rampant spread of antimicrobial resistance strains in our health facilities as well as in the communities.

Epidemiology and Sensibility Profile of Some Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Stool Samples in Some Douala-Cameroon Hospitals

“…Similar finding were revealed in Cameroon by some authors Marbou and Kuete [15]; Ngalani et al [17] in the West region of the country. This result corroborates several studies conducted by researchers from other countries who worked on enterobacteria responsible for Urinary Tract Infections in Benin [5]. However, percentage obtained with almost all the bacterial species were lower than those obtained by Marbou and Kuete [15]; Ngalani et al [17].…”

“…Imipenem and Amikacin therefore had good activity on enterobacterial strains. This trend has also been found by Ebongue et al [13]; Ngalani et al [17] in Cameroon and Dougnon et al [5] in Benin. In contrast, Hashemi et al [32] found higher resistance rates of around 19% to Imipenem and 30% to Amikacinin.…”

“…Among adults aged between 25 and 45 years, women were the most represented, this could be due to their anatomical configuration: proximity between genital and anal orifices, insufficient hygiene practices. Studies of Dougnon et al, [5] and Moutachakkir et al [20] noted similar results on Enterobacteriaceae phenotypes responsible for community and nosochomial infections.…”

“…Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among human pathogens remains a major concern for health problems [4]. In the whole world, resistance to existing antibiotics is growing at an alarming rate [5]. Based on a recent study, 700.000 deaths are reported annually due to AMR around the world, and it has been predicted that if appropriate control and preventive measures are not taken, AMR would become one of the main reasons for deaths among hospitalized or non-hospitalized patients in both developing and developed countries [6].…”

Ethnopharmacological survey of six medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of urinary tract infections and other infectious diseases

“…Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious disease in Africa. Victorien et al (2020) reported that urinary tract infections are the most common in general medicine and that the bacteria involved are mostly multiresistant. Indeed, the emergence and increasing spread of antimicrobial resistance is a real public health problem limiting the range of antibiotic molecules to be used.…”