Modeling of Water-Spray Application in the Forced Dispersion of LNG Vapor Cloud Using a Combined Eulerian–Lagrangian Approach

Kim, Byung Kyu; Ng, Dedy; Mentzer, Ray A.; Mannan, M. Sam

doi:10.1021/ie3003864

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…13 A Eulerian−Lagrangian spray model was coupled with the vapor flow using the CFD modeling to investigate the LNG forced dispersion. 14 The effectiveness of the dilution phenomena of LNG vapors dramatically improved as the momentum imparted from the water droplets increased, which is in agreement with the correlations provided by the additional study conducted by Hald et al (2005). 13 The dimensionless quantity is used to evaluate the momentum imparted from the water droplets.…”

Section: Physical Mechanisms Of Water Spray Applicationsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The previous work by the authors discussed the details on setting up the LNG forced dispersion model with the Eulerian−Lagrangian spray model, coupled with the LNG flow. 14 The water droplets were characterized as inert with spherical drag law combined with the two-way coupling heat The momentum effect is evaluated by coupling the drag force of the water droplets with the momentum flux of the LNG vapors, and by considering any other additional interaction forces (F other ), such as the virtual mass force and pressure gradient force. μ is the viscosity, C D is the drag coefficient, Re is the Reynolds number, ρ p is the droplet density, and d is the droplet diameter.…”

Section: Numerical Modeling Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Study on Physical Mechanisms of Forced Dispersion for an Effective LNG Spill Mitigation

Kim

Mentzer

Mannan

2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Mitigation techniques for liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities require further investigation to minimize the uncertainty in determining the impact and consequence of an LNG spill on public safety and security. Water curtain systems have been proven to reduce the hazard zone by diluting the vapor concentration below the flammability limits when directly applied to LNG vapors. Currently, no definitive engineering criteria for designing effective water curtains applicable to LNG facilities are available, mainly due to a lack of understanding of the complex interaction between the droplets and LNG vapor. This work applies LNG forced dispersion modeling to study the physical mechanisms involved in enhancing vapor dispersion. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes have been utilized to examine the effects of momentum imparting from the droplets to the air–vapor mixture, the thermal transfer between the two phases (droplet/vapor), and various air entrainment rates on the behavior of the LNG vapor. This work aims to investigate the complex interaction of the water droplet–LNG vapor system, which will provide guidelines in developing and establishing engineering criteria for site-specific LNG mitigation systems.

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Section: Physical Mechanisms Of Water Spray Applicationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Numerical Modeling Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on Physical Mechanisms of Forced Dispersion for an Effective LNG Spill Mitigation

Kim

Mentzer

Mannan

2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…[4,5]. Kim et al (2012) experimented LNG dispersions with the full cone type water spray curtains and compared the concentrations near the release source with CFD dispersion simulations. Cheng et al (2014) also did field test for ammonia to compare CFD simulation results with the experiments [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al (2012) experimented LNG dispersions with the full cone type water spray curtains and compared the concentrations near the release source with CFD dispersion simulations. Cheng et al (2014) also did field test for ammonia to compare CFD simulation results with the experiments [6,7]. However, in these previous researches, the effectiveness to mitigate gas dispersions are significantly different for the peacock tail type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling for effect of water curtain in mitigating toxic gas release

Min

Choi

et al. 2020

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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As the chemical industry has developed, the use of toxic substances has increased, and leakage accidents have increased. Among various substances, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and ammonia (NH3) are representative materials for the study since both are hazardous and important in the chemical industry. HF is a strong, pervious substance that is a stimulates on the body, respiratory system, and skin. HF is widely used in electronics manufacturing as a polisher and disinfectant. Since an HF release accident occurred in Gumi, S. Korea (2012) the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) has emphasized that special attention and management is needed with respect to this toxic substance. NH3 is widely used in the semiconductor industry and chemical processes. There have been about 20 large accidents regarding NH3 around the world in last 10 years.In this study, ANSYS Fluent, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, was used to identify the effect of a water curtain as a mitigation system for toxic substances that are leaked from industrial facilities. Simulations were conducted to analyze how effectively a water curtain mitigated the dispersion of toxic substances. To verify the accuracy of the simulation, Goldfish experiment and INERIS Ammonia dispersion experiment were simulated and compared. Various water curtains were applied to the simulated field experiment to confirm the mitigation factors of toxic substances. The results show that the simulations and experiments are consistent and that the dispersion of toxic substances can be mitigated by water curtains.

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“…In contrast, CFD simulations for engineering applications are typically performed with well-established CFD packages such as ANSYS FLUENT, ANSYS CFX, STAR CCM+ and OpenFOAM (for recent examples, see Burlutskiy & Turangan, 2015;Kim, Ng, Mentzer, & Mannan, 2012;Lin, Lan, Xu, Dong, & Barber, 2015;Saffari & Hosseinnia, 2009;Torti, Sibilla, & Raboni, 2013;Weber, Schaffel-Mancini, Mancini, & Kupka, 2013). In these studies, the performance of the numerical model is often tested via the comparison of numerical and experimental process parameters, e.g., pressure losses in pipe flows or species concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of particle-tracking models for dispersed particle-laden flows implemented in OpenFOAM and ANSYS FLUENT

Greifzu

Kratzsch

Forgber

et al. 2015

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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In the present study two benchmark problems for turbulent dispersed particle-laden flow are investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). How the CFD programs OpenFOAM and ANSYS FLUENT model these flows is tested and compared. The numerical results obtained with Lagrangian-Eulerian (LE) point-particle (PP) models for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of the fluid flow in steady state and transient modes are compared with the experimental data available in the literature. The effect of the dispersion model on the particle motion is investigated in particular, as well as the order of coupling between the continuous carrier phase and the dispersed phase. First, a backward-facing step (BFS) case is validated. As a second case, the confined bluff body (CBB) is used. The simulated fluid flows correspond well with the experimental data for both test cases. The results for the dispersed solid phase reveal a good accordance between the simulation results and the experiments. It seems that particle dispersion is slightly under-predicted when ANSYS FLUENT is used, whereas the applied solver in OpenFOAM overestimates the dispersion somewhat. Only minor differences between the coupling schemes are detected due to the low volume fractions and mass loadings that are investigated. In the BFS test case the importance of the spatial dimension of the numerical model is demonstrated. Even if it is reasonable to assume a two-dimensional fluid flow structure, it is crucial to simulate the turbulent particle-laden flow with a three-dimensional model since the turbulent dispersion of the particles is three-dimensional. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Modeling of Water-Spray Application in the Forced Dispersion of LNG Vapor Cloud Using a Combined Eulerian–Lagrangian Approach

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Numerical Study on Physical Mechanisms of Forced Dispersion for an Effective LNG Spill Mitigation

Numerical Study on Physical Mechanisms of Forced Dispersion for an Effective LNG Spill Mitigation

Numerical modelling for effect of water curtain in mitigating toxic gas release

Assessment of particle-tracking models for dispersed particle-laden flows implemented in OpenFOAM and ANSYS FLUENT

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