“…Multiple methods can be used to estimate gridded surface ozone pollution but trade‐offs are inherent in each. There are primary four methods in the literature: (a) regional and global chemical transport models (e.g., Astitha et al., 2017; Guo et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2021, and others), (b) statistical models (e.g., Eeftens et al., 2012; Kerckhoffs et al., 2015, and others), (c) geostatistical data fusion (e.g., Chen et al., 2021; DeLang et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2016, and others), and (d) machine learning models (e.g., Liu et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2021; Requia et al., 2020; Wei et al., 2022, and others). Generally, products that use chemical transport models suffer from a high computational burden, unresolved or oversimplified physical and chemical mechanisms, and uncertainty in emission inventories.…”