Modeling of the catalytic cracking: Catalyst deactivation by coke and heavy metals

Nazarova, Galina; Ivashkina, Elena; Иванчина, Э. Д.; Oreshina, Alexandra; Dolganova, Irena; Pasyukova, Mariya

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106318

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 72 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It can be seen that a higher amount of coke is formed with ECat-1 than that with ECat-2, which is explained by the greater strength of the ECat-1 acid sites (Figure d). It is well known the role of strong acid sites of the zeolite in the promotion of the condensation mechanisms of the hydrocarbons (especially olefins and aromatics) that lead to the formation of polyaromatic structures that form the coke . Thus, the higher acid strength of ECat-1 seems to be more relevant than the higher acid site density of ECat-2 in the formation of coke on the channels of the zeolite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Palos

Gutiérrez

Fernández

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The catalytic cracking of visbreaker naphtha under industrial conditions has been investigated, aiming the production of an olefin-rich gas stream and high-quality gasoline suitable to be used in the blending of automotive fuels. The runs have been performed in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser simulator reactor under the following conditions: temperature, 500 and 550 °C; catalyst-to-oil mass ratio, 6 g cat g oil −1; contact time, 3−12 s. Furthermore, the effect of the properties of two commercial equilibrium catalysts on the products has been also assessed. Products have been lumped in dry gas, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), gasoline, and coke, according to the common fractionation made in refineries. For a proper assessment of the upgrading process, dry gas, LPG, and gasoline lumps have been deeply characterized, assuring the production of both light olefins and gasoline (with average yields of 11 and 82 wt %, respectively). In addition, the gasoline lump produced can be used as a source of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) aromatics (obtaining yields of ca. 10 wt %). Hence, the suitability of the FCC unit for the upgrading of visbreaker naphtha has been assured.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Palos

Gutiérrez

Fernández

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The above complex of experimental studies allowed us to upgrade the catalytic cracking model [32], which takes into consideration kinetic and catalyst deactivation patterns of catalytic cracking. By using the mathematical model, we predicted how the SAR content in feedstock, the slop's flow rate and the catalyst-to-oil ratio affect coke formation; moreover, we discussed how coke affects catalyst properties and deactivation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Catalytic Cracking: Catalyst Deactivation Induced by Feedstock and Process Variables

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in the quality of the feedstocks generated by involving various petroleum fractions in catalytic cracking significantly affect catalyst deactivation, which stems from coke formed on the catalyst surface. By conducting experimental studies on feedstocks and catalysts, as well as using industrial data, we studied how the content of saturates, aromatics and resins (SAR) in feedstock and the main process variables, including temperature, consumptions of the feedstock, catalyst and slops, influence the formation of catalytic coke. We also determined catalyst deactivation patterns using TG-DTA, N2 adsorption and TPD, which were further used as a basis for a kinetic model of catalytic cracking. This model helps predict the changes in reactions rates caused by coke formation and, also, evaluates quantitatively how group characteristics of the feedstock, the catalyst-to-oil ratio and slop flow influence the coke content on the catalyst and the degree of catalyst deactivation. We defined that a total loss of acidity changes from 8.6 to 30.4 wt% for spent catalysts, and this depends on SAR content in feedstock and process variables. The results show that despite enriching the feedstock by saturates, the highest coke yields (4.6–5.2 wt%) may be produced due to the high content of resins (2.1–3.5 wt%).

show abstract

“…The performance of these processes has been shown in many studies to strongly depend on the quality of the feedstock [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The vacuum gas oil fraction from petroleum is the typical feed for the FCC [2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and it has been explored as a feedstock for steam cracking as well [4]. Considering that in Resources 2021, 10, 71 2 of 20 both FCC and thermal cracking the reactivity of the vacuum gas oils increases with the saturate content enhancement and aromatic carbon content reduction, the information about these vacuum gas oil characteristics is of paramount importance for optimizing their performance [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Models to Characterize the Structural and Physiochemical Properties of Vacuum Gas Oils with Different Saturate Contents

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inter-criteria analysis was employed in VGO samples having a saturate content between 0.8 and 93.1 wt.% to define the statistically significant relations between physicochemical properties, empirical structural models and vacuum gas oil compositional information. The use of a logistic function and employment of a non-linear least squares method along with the aromatic ring index allowed for our newly developed correlation to accurately predict the saturate content of VGOs. The empirical models developed in this study can be used not only for obtaining the valuable structural information necessary to predict the behavior of VGOs in the conversion processes but can also be utilized to detect incorrectly performed SARA analyses. This work confirms the possibility of predicting the contents of VGO compounds from physicochemical properties and empirical models.

show abstract

Modeling of the catalytic cracking: Catalyst deactivation by coke and heavy metals

Cited by 33 publications

References 72 publications

Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

A Model of Catalytic Cracking: Catalyst Deactivation Induced by Feedstock and Process Variables

Empirical Models to Characterize the Structural and Physiochemical Properties of Vacuum Gas Oils with Different Saturate Contents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About