Modeling of Millimeter-Wave Modulation Characteristics of Semiconductor Lasers under Strong Optical Feedback

Abstract

This paper presents modeling and simulation on the characteristics of semiconductor laser modulated within a strong optical feedback (OFB-)induced photon-photon resonance over a passband of millimeter (mm) frequencies. Continuous wave (CW) operation of the laser under strong OFB is required to achieve the photon-photon resonance in the mm-wave band. The simulated time-domain characteristics of modulation include the waveforms of the intensity and frequency chirp as well as the associated distortions of the modulated mm-wave signal. The frequency domain characteristics include the intensity modulation (IM) and frequency modulation (FM) responses in addition to the associated relative intensity noise (RIN). The signal characteristics under modulations with both single and two mm-frequencies are considered. The harmonic distortion and the third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) are examined and the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is calculated.

Dynamics of Semiconductor Laser Coupled with Two External Cavities

“…The effect of varying optical phase ψ 1 due to OFB on the laser fluctuations has been noticed in Refs. [9,11,31] and confirmed experimentally in Ref [11,31]. The reduction in the intensity of S(t)/S av is shown in Figure 3b as a little reduction of RIN.…”

“…[5], which was applied in investigating the dynamics and noise of pumping LDs used in fiber amplifier systems [5,6]. Moreover, the impacts of nonlinear gain, radiative and non-radiative lifetime, linewidth enhancement factor (LEF), and combined optical phase on the operation states and relative intensity noise (RIN) of 0.1550 µm InGaAsP/InP time-delayed LD have been studied [7][8][9].…”

Effect of fiber properties and dispersion management on distortions associated with two subcarriers modulation of laser diode in radio over fiber systems

“…), and second and third intermodulation frequencies (f _m1 ± f _m2, 2f _m1 ± f _m2, 2f _m2 ± f _m1, etc.). The power ratio (in dBc) of the second harmonic to the fundamental modulation frequency quantifies the second harmonic distortions HD2 as [22]: HD2 = 10 log 10 P 2fm1 P fm1 (6) where P _2f m1 and P _f m1 are the peak powers at 2f _m1 and f _m1, respectively, whereas the intermodulation distortions, IMD2 and IMD3, are described as the power ratios (in dBc) of the intermodulation products f _m1 ± f _m2 and f _m1 ± Δf , respectively, to P _f m1 and are expressed as follows [6,22]: IMD2 = 10 log 10 P fm1±fm2 P fm1 (7) IMD3 = 10 log 10 P fm1±Δf P fm1 (8) where P _f m1±f m2 and P _f m1±Δf are the peak powers at second and third intermodulation products.…”

“…These power differences are calculated using Eqs. ( 8), (7), and (6), respectively. Figure 2b shows the power spectrum of the received fundamental laser signals and distortion products after traveling down a SSMF with length L = 2 km.…”

“…Direct modulation of LDs in the GHz range with two subcarriers (two tones) has recently attracted a lot of attention for increasing the information capacity and transmission speed in analog RoF systems [5][6][7]. This a e-mail: alaa.abutaleb@lira.bsu.edu.eg (corresponding author) is because direct modulation is a simpler, less expensive, and less power-consuming technique compared to external modulation [8][9][10].…”