Dynamics of Semiconductor Laser Coupled with Two External Cavities

Abstract

An investigation into the dynamic states and relative intensity noise of laser diodes subjected to double optical feedback has been conducted. We employed modified and improved time-delay rate equations to account for double external optical feedback. The dynamic states and noise of lasers will be investigated using bifurcation diagrams of the output photon number, its temporal variations, and the intensity noise of the laser. This analysis considers feedback strengths due to the double external cavity and their spacing from the front facet of the laser with and without phase due to feedback. The results reveal that considering phase causes significant variations in laser intensity and a phase shift in the temporal variations of the laser output. This results in relative intensity noise suppression and a frequency shift in the intensity noise spectrum. These findings represent new contributions to our understanding of the reliance of lasing frequency shift on the phase due to feedback, regardless of whether feedback originates from a single or double external cavity. We investigated the optimal conditions corresponding to stable dynamic states of the laser with the lowest noise level. Additionally, we identified conditions that result in chaotic dynamics, where the spectrum does not convey information about the laser system. These insights have potential applications in chaotic and secure optical data encryption.