Compact high power broadband superfluorescent fiber source has been demonstrated using an ultrashort Er3+−Yb3+-codoped phosphate glass fiber. The fiber is 10.4-cm-long and at 1.68 W pump power, an output power of 16.85 mW, a mean wavelength of 1540.9 nm, a bandwidth of 18.4 nm, and a slope efficiency of 18.6% have been obtained. The dependence of output power, mean wavelength, and bandwidth stability on pump power and fiber length are also studied, and there is an excellent agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data.