2020
DOI: 10.3390/e22090947
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Modeling of Eddy Current Welding of Rail: Three-Dimensional Simulation

Abstract: In this paper is given a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the eddy current welding of rails where the longitudinal two directions are not ignored. In fact, usually it is considered a model where, in the two-dimensional numerical simulation of rail heat treatment, the longitudinal directions are ignored for the magnetic induction strength and temperature, and only the axial calculation is performed. Therefore, we propose the electromagnetic-thermal coupled three-dimensional model of eddy current weldin… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 38 publications
(46 reference statements)
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“…Such control is imparted by designing a controller for each motor [15,16]. There are several types of control, the most used consists of using a proportional derivative controller, which is also considered for the development of the robotic arm presented in the following paper [17,18]. Other control techniques have been proposed in the literature [19,20].…”
Section: Background Informationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such control is imparted by designing a controller for each motor [15,16]. There are several types of control, the most used consists of using a proportional derivative controller, which is also considered for the development of the robotic arm presented in the following paper [17,18]. Other control techniques have been proposed in the literature [19,20].…”
Section: Background Informationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Changes in sleep conditions affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiac activities [ 26 , 27 , 28 ] and HRV can be used as an indicator of the ANS’s responses to stress, sleepiness and other related factors [ 14 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], as well as to identify the lack of attention. A person focused on doing an activity usually displays a more regular heart rate, and as the focus on activity decreases, the heart rate becomes more irregular and HRV increases [ 32 , 33 ]. Chui et al have proposed a method of detecting sleepiness based on an electrocardiogram (ECG) taken from drivers [ 34 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the benefits resulting from the reduction in noise must be calculated carefully because of the potential resistance loss for the teeth. However, when these sophisticated techniques are not appropriate from an engineering perspective, it is necessary to focus on the design of the case if we want to improve its dynamic response [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. There are some important rules in this regard, such as avoiding big surfaces and small curvatures, since they vibrate uncontrollably if they are excited.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%