Modeling of Crashworthiness Criteria based on Variation of Hole as Crush Initiator in Thin-Walled Square

Abstract

Crashworthiness is the ability to protect its occupant by absorbing the energy of impact during a collision. A crush initiator is one way to increase crashworthiness criteria at collision. The most widely applied crush initiator applications are holes, wall thickness reduction, grooves, notch, bead and corrugated. This study discussed making a functional model from the crashworthiness criteria which is known by CFE and SEA. Variable used variations of the crush initiator in the form of circular holes with different rotation angles and diameters. The rotation angle referred to in this study was 2 holes which are rotated based on the midpoint of the hole distance to the radial axis of the hole. The crush initiator was placed in a square column at each side with steel material. Besides, the wall thickness variable was added which can increase the energy absorption during a collision. The method used numerical simulation and experimental dynamic loading. The numerical simulation used the explicit finite element method by using ESI PAM-Crash. Both methods used the drop test model by using impact transferability. Impact transferability was rigid which was used to transfer impact loading during impact conditions. Experimental was used to validate the function model which was obtained through the least square method with sampling from numerical simulations. The results showed the same patterns produced by the functional and experimental models using the Taguchi method (L9) with 3 runs. The maximum of this pattern is 23% for CFE and 17% for SEA. Meanwhile, the average error of the S/N ratio shows 8.77% for CFE and 2.16% for SEA. This model function could be used by a crashworthy designer to estimate the value of CFE and SEA.

Utilization of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Chip Fan on SS304 During Milling Process to Increase Carbide Tool Life

“…Surface roughness plays an important role in mechanical properties, especially in machining jobs that require high precision [40] and display product characteristics [41]. The process of using journal.ump.edu.my/ijame ◄ an MQL Fan chip compared to dry milling is more profitable and can reduce the operational coolant [42], resulting in a cleaner and healthier environment [43,44].…”

Crashworthiness Assessment of Carbon/Glass Epoxy Hybrid Composite Tubes Subjected to Axial Loads

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Multiobjective optimization of dimension and position of elliptical crush initiator on crashworthiness performance of square tube using response surface methodology

“…Subramaniyan et al (2014) found that the quantity of circular cut-outs contributed to decreasing the PF in circular and square tubes. Other studies examined the impact of crush initiator placement, such as drilling holes (Estrada et al, 2019) and multiple holes (Malawat et al, 2019;Dionisius et al, 2022) in square steel tubes, leading to improved crashworthiness performance. Researchers have examined the use of V-notch, groove (Balaji and Annamalai, 2017), and tapered (Asanjarani et al, 2018) shapes as effective crush initiators, reducing the initial force spikes without compromising the total energy absorption.…”