This paper details the transformational forms of employment in contemporary economic conditions of the Russian Federation. In particular, there is a comprehensive theoretical, methodological and practical study of the issue and disclosure of interrelated provisions. The authors have also analysed the problem of the strong correlation between the national economic system and the social sphere. They showed the transformation of the post-industrial system, running in parallel with profound modernization and technological renewal. The sectors, however, are subject to uncertainties, unsustainable development. Against the backdrop of economic instability, there is an environment pushing for the expansion of employment. The variability of such forms is a natural consequence of an ordered process. The issue of population adaptation to socio-economic conditions is a popular one in academia. Its study helps to mitigate the risks that arise. In the current economic context, the transformation of forms of employment requires new methodological approaches. The issue of enhancing the adaptive capacity and broadening the basis for a comprehensive study of the working population deserves special attention. It is revealed that employment in the Russian Federation is a priority for authorized state structures. In particular, this refers to maximizing the level of adaptation to the current socio-economic conditions. The effectiveness of the transformation process depends to a large extent on the quality of the methodological framework used and the practical recommendations made. The set of measures should aim to maximize the adaptation of employment. It is essential to consider the socio-economic context.