Modeling issues in experimental toxicology and medicine. Zero-order biomodels

Abstract

Introduction. The creation of adequate models for studying the processes of human interaction with the environment is a key problem of modern experimental biology and medicine. This is due to the fact that both the results of the conducted studies and the recommendations developed on their basis depend on the choice of the biological object and the characteristics of the factor directly affecting it. It should be noted that errors related to both the discrepancy between the developed experimental pathology and the simulated conditions for humans, and the choice of a method for assessing the safety of xenobiotics are critical and can lead to serious consequences. The study aims to determine the existing trends in biomodeling and extrapolation of the results currently being implemented in experimental toxicology and medicine based on the analysis of literature data. Materials and methods. We have used forty five domestic and foreign scientific publications as materials. The research method was the analysis and generalization of the materials presented in scientific publications. Results. The scientists considered such components of extrapolation modeling as the creation of an adequate model, compliance with the principles of proper laboratory, as well as extrapolation of the obtained data to humans. We have given the definition of an experimental model of the disease as a condition developing in a laboratory animal under the influence of an etiological factor, which most fully reflects the main manifestations of the disease that arose on the basis of a common human and used biomodel of pathogenesis. We introduced the term "zero-order biomodels" and defined it as an object used for biomodeling and also presented a classification of zero-order biomodels. Conclusion. Currently, issues related to their standardization are of increasing importance in conducting biomedical research, which is reflected in the appearance of a large number of regulatory documents regulating not only the procedure for conducting them, but also the requirements for biological models used for these studies. However, despite the existing trends, the key point in conducting all studies was and still is the issues related to the extrapolation of the data obtained to humans. The conducted analysis suggests that new biological models (of the zero-order) are being actively introduced into the practice of biomedical research according to their characteristics fully corresponding to the prototype - human biological material obtained from various sources. A distinctive feature of these models is the absence of the need to extrapolate the results obtained to humans. The analysis shows that at present there are all prerequisites for conducting preclinical studies using almost the entire spectrum of biological models of the zero-order specified in this publication within the existing legal framework.