Modeling Earthquake‐Induced Spring Discharge and Temperature Changes in a Fault Zone Hydrothermal System

Abstract

Although different methods have been employed to study the earthquake‐induced changes in aquifer permeability (e.g., tidal/barometric pressure response and analytical models), identification of the mechanism is usually hindered by the limitation of application conditions or multiplicity of solutions. A numerical simulation that couples flow and heat transport is developed in the present study to explain the coseismic responses that followed two large earthquakes (Mw 7.0 Lijiang earthquake on 3 February 1996 and Mw 9.1 Sumatra earthquake on 26 December 2004) at Banglazhang #1 hot spring, China. The results show that decreased spring discharge and temperature are attributable to earthquake‐induced permeability decrease, which can be related to the blocking of narrow fracture apertures. Analysis of the model revealed that seismic waves may have caused heterogeneous changes in permeability within the fault zone hydrothermal system, which led to nonsynchronous changes in spring flow and temperature. Our study contributes to an enhanced understanding of the impact of the evolution of earthquake‐induced permeability in hydrothermal systems.

Violent Groundwater Eruption Triggered by a Distant Earthquake

“…Figure 4 suggests that permeability, and its recovery rate, may differ between layers, consistent with previous results (Rutter et al., 2016; Yan et al., 2020). Defining η as the change of confinement of an aquifer system: $$$\eta =\frac{{k}_{v}^{2}-{k}_{v}^{1}}{{k}_{v}^{1}}$$$ where $${k}_{v}^{1}$$ and $${k}_{v}^{2}$$ are vertical permeability in aquitard and aquifer, respectively, we find that η decreased from 168 to 143–147 (Figure 4d).…”

“…Figure 4 suggests that permeability, and its recovery rate, may differ between layers, consistent with previous results (Rutter et al, 2016;Yan et al, 2020). Defining η as the change of confinement of an aquifer system:…”

Aquifer Permeability Decreases Before Local Earthquakes Inferred From Water Level Response to Period Loading

“…This is because the far‐field co‐seismic body strain is too small to cause a relatively large response, and the real cause is likely seismic wave action that changes the permeability of the aquifer rock (Elkhoury et al., 2006; Roeloffs, 1998). These results are supported by numerous field observations and laboratory experiments (Brodsky et al., 2003; Elkhoury et al., 2011; Massart & Selvadurai, 2012; Wang et al., 2009; Yan et al., 2020).…”

Monitor the Strength Status of Buildings Using Hybrid Machine Learning Technique

“…The abnormal changes in Animal Behavior [3], Temperature [4], [5], Lunglin-1976 and Przhevalsk -Russia 1970, Water Levels [6], [7], Earthquake in 2016 at Kumamoto), Velocity of P-wave (V P ) and Velocity of S-wave (V S ), use as instances for early detection of disasters. ''Damage'' can be defined as the changes in the properties of the building structures, boundary environments and system connectivity such as geo-metric and/or material.…”