“…The introduction of a crack density function inspired from Mumford et al (1989); Ambrosio et al (1990) combined with an internal length scale made it possible to obtain a variational formulation and thus its FE implementation (Bourdin et al 2000b;Miehe et al 2010a). Phase-field (PF) fracture approach has become a common method to assess fracture problems and has been improved to consider plasticity (Ambati et al 2015;Fang et al 2019), dynamic effects (Borden et al 2012;Molnár et al 2020a), fatigue (Lo et al 2019;Mesgarnejad et al 2019), interfacial damages (Nguyen et al 2019), hydrogen assisted cracking (Martínez-Pañeda et al 2018), hydraulic fractures (Wilson et al 2016;Xia et al 2017;Zhou et al 2020) or phase transformation-induced fracture (Wang et al 2021;Djeumen et al 2022).…”