Modeling Crack Growth during Li Extraction in Storage Particles Using a Fracture Phase Field Approach

Klinsmann, Markus; Rosato, Daniele; Kamlah, Marc; McMeeking, Robert M.

doi:10.1149/2.0281602jes

Cited by 82 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 95 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, the intragranular cracking process is comprehensively investigated. We find that the density of intragranular cracks in NMC333 cathodes abruptly increases when cycled at a high cutoff voltage of 4.7 V. In contrast expectations, we also observe the intragranular cracks to actually initiate from the grain interior, which is in sharp contrast with general theoretical models predicting the surface or grain boundary to be the preferred sites for intragranular crack initiation42444546. We also verify that the edge dislocation core can assist the incubation of intragranular cracks, and that intragranular cracking is an electrochemically driven and diffusion-controlled process, mimicking the classic model of slow crack growth during fatigue process of materials.…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…4, for which the red arrows highlight the intragranular end-to-end cracks that were fully terminated within the grain interior. These observations indicate that the intragranular cracks are initiated from the grain interior, which is in contrast with cracking models that predict the surface or grain boundary should be the preferred crack initiation site42444546. However, based on thermal analogy analysis, Kalnaus et al 48.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…There have been many studies on the cracking mechanisms of cathode materials for LIBs32334445465152. However, these research efforts are mostly based on theoretical modelling of the stress-strain evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intragranular cracking as a critical barrier for high-voltage usage of layer-structured cathode for lithium-ion batteries

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2-layered cathode is often fabricated in the form of secondary particles, consisting of densely packed primary particles. This offers advantages for high energy density and alleviation of cathode side reactions/corrosions, but introduces drawbacks such as intergranular cracking. Here, we report unexpected observations on the nucleation and growth of intragranular cracks in a commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode by using advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy. We find the formation of the intragranular cracks is directly associated with high-voltage cycling, an electrochemically driven and diffusion-controlled process. The intragranular cracks are noticed to be characteristically initiated from the grain interior, a consequence of a dislocation-based crack incubation mechanism. This observation is in sharp contrast with general theoretical models, predicting the initiation of intragranular cracks from grain boundaries or particle surfaces. Our study emphasizes that maintaining structural stability is the key step towards high-voltage operation of layered-cathode materials.

show abstract

contrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intragranular cracking as a critical barrier for high-voltage usage of layer-structured cathode for lithium-ion batteries

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[28][29][30][31][32] Capacity fade and impedance growth in various lithium ion intercalation materials have been correlated to post-cycling observations of mechanical fracture. 24,26,27,33 Acoustic emission from electrochemical shock has also been directly recorded during charging and discharging. [28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36] Here, TXM was used to non-destructively generate 3D tomographs of the single particles at different states of charge, which we correlate with the electrochemical measurements.…”

Section: Txm Observations Of 3d Microstructural Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-particle measurements of electrochemical kinetics in NMC and NCA cathodes for Li-ion batteries

Tsai

Wen

Wolfman

et al. 2018

Energy Environ. Sci.

255

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

aThe electrochemical kinetics of battery electrodes at the single-particle scale are measured as a function of state-of-charge, and interpreted with the aid of concurrent transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) of the evolving particle microstructure. An electrochemical cell operating with near-picoampere current resolution is used to characterize single secondary particles of two widely-used cathode compounds, NMC333 and NCA. Interfacial charge transfer kinetics are found to vary by two orders of magnitude with state-of-charge (SOC) in both materials, but the origin of the SOC dependence differs greatly. NCA behavior is dominated by electrochemically-induced microfracture, although thin binder coatings significantly ameliorate mechanical degradation, while NMC333 demonstrates strongly increasing interfacial reaction rates with SOC for chemical reasons. Micro-PITT is used to separate interfacial and bulk transport rates, and show that for commercially relevant particle sizes, interfacial transport is rate-limiting at low SOC, while mixed-control dominates at higher SOC. These results provide mechanistic insight into the mesoscale kinetics of ion intercalation compounds, which can guide the development of high performance rechargeable batteries. Broader contextThe performance of high performance Li-ion batteries, central to both electric transportation and grid scale storage, is ultimately reliant on the performance of critical components such as their cathode and anode compounds. For ease of manufacturing, the prevailing technological forms of these materials are secondary particles of nearly spherical morphology containing many nanocrystallites. The electrochemical kinetics at this critical length scale have been difficult to assess; particle-level behavior has primarily been deduced from macroscale cell measurements. Thus the microelectrode technique developed in this work, combined with state-of-the-art TXM imaging, allows for the first time the direct measurement of electrochemical kinetics of particles as they are charged and discharged. Surprising behavior is revealed -interfacial charge transfer kinetics are found to vary greatly with state-of-charge and cycling history, both for intrinsic chemical reasons (in NMC333) and because of massively damaging ''electrochemical shock'' (in NCA). Moreover, a thin coating of polymer binder is found to ameliorate fracture damage. These results, and the techniques demonstrated, provide a bridge between macroscopic battery function and microscale electrode kinetics as influenced by electrochemomechanical stress and charging history.

show abstract

“…Existing continuum models of the all-solid-state-batteries have addressed different problems, such as the discharge and charge performance of thinfilm batteries 15,27,28 and three-dimensional micro-battery, [29][30][31] Li-ion transport through the solid electrolyte to intercalation electrode, 32,33 and the mechanical response of electrodes during cycling. 34,35 Therefore, the goal of this paper is to construct a continuum model to correlate the electrochemical performance with the contact area and contact pressure. As the first step, contact area was introduced into a 1-dimensional (1-D) Newman model to simulate the discharge process of an all-solid-state Li-ion battery, which is composed of a metallic Li anode, LiCoO 2 positive electrode, and a LiPON-like solid electrolyte.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Effect of Contact Area Loss in All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries

Tian

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Maintaining the physical contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrode is important to improve the performance of all-solidstate batteries. Imperfect contact can be formed during cell fabrication and will be worsened due to cycling, resulting in degradation of the battery performance. In this paper, the effect of imperfect contact area was incorporated into a 1-D Newman battery model by assuming the current and Li concentration will be localized at the contacted area. Constant current discharging processes at different rates and contact areas were simulated for a film-type Li|LiPON|LiCoO 2 all-solid-state Li-ion battery. The capacity drop was correlated with the contact area loss. It was found at lower cutoff voltage, the correlation is almost linear with a slope of 1; while at a higher cutoff voltage, the dropping rate is slower. To establish the relationship between the applied pressure and the contact area, Persson's contact mechanics theory was applied, as it uses self-affined surfaces to simplify the multi-length scale contacts in all-solid-state batteries. The contact area and pressure were computed for both film-type and bulk-type all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. The model is then used to suggest how much pressures should be applied to recover the capacity drop due to contact area loss. Conventional Li-ion batteries usually include a liquid electrolyte, which facilitates Li-ions transport between cathode and anode. However, the applications of Li-ion batteries are still limited by the flammability and narrow electrochemical window of the liquid electrolytes. 1-3During the past decades, several solid electrolytes 4-9 with the ionic conductivity close to the liquid electrolyte have been developed, thus enabled the development of all-solid-state batteries. The benefits of all-solid-state batteries are high energy density, non-flammability, and the large electrochemical window (if the solid electrolyte form stable interphase layers on electrode surface). 10,11However, a major bottleneck for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries lies at the high interfacial resistance due to two main factors, chemical effect and physical contact. 3 The chemical effect refers to the chemical changes at the solid-electrolyte/electrode interface that cause slower transport. The chemical changes include the interphase layer formation due to solid electrolyte decomposition, 11 and/or Li-ion depletion zone at the interface 12 (for example, LiPON/Li 2 CO 3 ). Physical contact induced impedance comes from the imperfect contact at the solid-electrolyte/electrode interface, which plays a more important role for batteries using solid-electrolytes than the conventional batteries employing liquid electrolytes. Liquid electrolytes can easily diffuse through the porous electrode and wet the electrode surface, so, any fracture and disconnection between solid particles will only cause electrical disconnection. However, for solid electrolytes, the fracture and disconnection will impede Li-ion transport, as well as electron transport. Thus...

show abstract

Modeling Crack Growth during Li Extraction in Storage Particles Using a Fracture Phase Field Approach

Cited by 82 publications

References 95 publications

Intragranular cracking as a critical barrier for high-voltage usage of layer-structured cathode for lithium-ion batteries

Intragranular cracking as a critical barrier for high-voltage usage of layer-structured cathode for lithium-ion batteries

Single-particle measurements of electrochemical kinetics in NMC and NCA cathodes for Li-ion batteries

Simulation of the Effect of Contact Area Loss in All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About