Modeling contaminant leaching and transport to groundwater in Tier 2 risk assessment procedures of contaminated sites

Mazzieri, Francesco; Sante, Marta Di; Fratalocchi, Evelina; Pasqualini, Erio

doi:10.1007/s12665-016-6043-1

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The numerical modeling of pathways for contaminants in the subsurface in risk assessment frameworks has been attempted in recent studies [24][25][26][27]. An appropriate mathematical model must be selected to simulate the transport, dilution, and reduction of pollutants in the subsurface environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An appropriate mathematical model must be selected to simulate the transport, dilution, and reduction of pollutants in the subsurface environment. Complex evaluation processes were conceptualized, and representative (conservative) input parameter values were selected to describe the site characteristics [24,26,27]. Ryu [25] analyzed the behaviors of contaminants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) as well as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the unsaturated zone and modified the behaviors in the conceptualized saturated aquifer implemented by numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They verified their model by comparing the concentrations of pollutants at the actual site and considering source depletion, adsorption, and biodegradation. Recently, Mazzieri et al [27] tested steady-state and transient models to estimate the change in exposure concentration and to established a tier-2-based analysis. Among these different tools, the ASTM-type evaluation of the pathways in the unsaturated zone has recently been adopted in other studies [24,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Mazzieri et al [27] tested steady-state and transient models to estimate the change in exposure concentration and to established a tier-2-based analysis. Among these different tools, the ASTM-type evaluation of the pathways in the unsaturated zone has recently been adopted in other studies [24,27,28]. For example, Stoppiello [28] evaluated the fate and transport of five organic contaminants in the unsaturated zone in various soil conditions using several analytical solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific objectives of this study are to apply Korean site-specific parameters to a risk-based framework. Based on previous studies that have attempted to quantify the exposure concentration of the subsurface pathway in the risk assessment framework [24,25,27,37], we explore high-tiered approaches of determination of the benzene pathway in the subsurface at the contaminated sites by applying site-specific parameters, especially infiltration data. The method considers (1) sophisticated temporal evaluation in the numerical model and (2) site-specific input parameters using the Korean domestic hydrological database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of Infiltration Rates for Fate and Transport of Benzene in High-Tiered Risk-Based Assessment Considering Korean Site-Specific Factors at Contaminated Sites

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Widely used conservative approaches for risk-based assessments of the subsurface transport processes have been calculated using simple analytical equations or general default values. Higher-tier risk assessment of contaminated sites requires the numerical models or additional site-specific values for input parameters. Previous studies have focused on the development of sophisticated models fit into risk-based frameworks. Our study mainly aims to explore the applicability of site-specific parameters and to modify the risk-based fate and transport model according to the types of the site-specific parameters. To apply the modified fate and transport equation and the site-specific default infiltration range, this study assessed the source depletion, leachate concentrations, and exposure concentration of benzene, which is a representative organic contaminant. The numerical models consist of two continuous processes, the fate and transport of contaminants from (1) the soil to the groundwater table in the vadose zone and subsequently (2) from the groundwater table to exposure wells in the saturated zone. Spatially varied Korean domestic recharge data were successfully incorporated into site-specific infiltration parameters in the models. The numerical simulation results were expressed as transient time series of concentrations over time. Results presented the narrow range of predicted concentrations at the groundwater table when site-specific infiltration was applied, and the dilution–attenuation factors for the unsaturated zone (DAFunsat) were derived based on the prediction. When a contaminant travels to the longest path length of 10 m with a source depth of 1 m in the vadoze zone, the simulated DAFunsat ranged from 3 to 4. The highest DAFunsat simulation results are close to 1 when contaminants travel to a source depth of 5 m and the shortest path length of 1 m. In the saturated aquifer below the contaminated sites, the variation in exposure concentration with time at monitoring wells is detected differently depending on the depth of the saturated zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%