Modeling and simulation of filling in dual-scale fibrous reinforcements: state of the art and new methodology to quantify the sink effect

Patiño-Arcila, Iván D.; Vanegas-Jaramillo, Juan D.

doi:10.1177/0021998317734038

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(336 reference statements)

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“…Formation and transport of voids in composite materials is linked to the unsaturated (transient) and dual scale resin flow. [1][2][3] Minimization of cycle time and dry spots is achieved by designing the placement of resin inlet tubes and exits 4 and using a variant of VI called Seemann Composites Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP) with optimal placement of highly permeable distribution medium on the fabric preform. 5 To manufacture a composite part with an acceptable tolerance in thickness, a good understanding of the reinforcing fabric preform's compaction behavior (i.e., the relationship between thickness and compaction pressure) and resin pressure variation in the mold cavity is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and modeling of part thickness evolution in vacuum infusion process

Caglar

Hancioglu

Sozer

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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The main hurdles in Vacuum Infusion (VI) are the difficulty in achieving complete mold filling and uniform part thickness. This study integrates process monitoring by full field thickness measurements and resin flow modeling that accounts for compaction and permeability characterizations of fabric reinforcements to assess the evolution of part thickness during filling and post-filling stages of VI process. A Structured Light Scanning system is used for full field thickness monitoring in experiments and a Control Volume Finite Element Method solver is implemented to couple resin flow with fabric’s compaction and permeability. Two cases are studied both experimentally and numerically. Evolutions of thickness and pressure validate the developed flow solver, its accuracy in terms of predicting fill times and fill patterns, suitability and limitations of the elastic compaction models for thickness modeling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and modeling of part thickness evolution in vacuum infusion process

Caglar

Hancioglu

Sozer

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…The second approach is more specific to the polymer composite processing field and considers the preform as a dual-scale body, separating the intra-and inter-bundle impregnations by introducing a sink term into fully saturated models (Bréard et al, 2003a;Simacek and Advani, 2003;Gourichon et al, 2006;Wolfrath et al, 2006;Bayldon and Daniel, 2009;Lawrence et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Simacek et al, 2010;Park and Lee, 2011;Tan and Pillai, 2012;Walther et al, 2012;Carlone and Palazzo, 2015;Carlone et al, 2018;Imbert et al, 2018;Patiño-Arcila and Vanegas-Jaramillo, 2018;Wu and Larsson, 2020;Facciotto et al, 2021;Patiño and Nieto-Londoño, 2021). These models consider that viscous forces dominate (non-wetting system) the infiltration and that the flow preferentially fills the inter-tow macro.…”

Section: Unsaturated Flow Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary Effects in Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Processing: A Review

et al. 2022

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Capillarity plays a crucial role in many natural and engineered systems, ranging from nutrient delivery in plants to functional textiles for wear comfort or thermal heat pipes for heat dissipation. Unlike nano- or microfluidic systems with well-defined pore network geometries and well-understood capillary flow, fiber textiles or preforms used in composite structures exhibit highly anisotropic pore networks that span from micron scale pores between fibers to millimeter scale pores between fiber yarns that are woven or stitched into a textile preform. Owing to the nature of the composite manufacturing processes, capillary action taking place in the complex network is usually coupled with hydrodynamics as well as the (chemo) rheology of the polymer matrices; these phenomena are known to play a crucial role in producing high quality composites. Despite its importance, the role of capillary effects in composite processing largely remained overlooked. Their magnitude is indeed rather low as compared to hydrodynamic effects, and it is difficult to characterize them due to a lack of adequate monitoring techniques to capture the time and spatial scale on which the capillary effects take place. There is a renewed interest in this topic, due to a combination of increasing demand for high performance composites and recent advances in experimental techniques as well as numerical modeling methods. The present review covers the developments in the identification, measurement and exploitation of capillary effects in composite manufacturing. A special focus is placed on Liquid Composite Molding processes, where a dry stack is impregnated with a low viscosity thermoset resin mainly via in-plane flow, thus exacerbating the capillary effects within the anisotropic pore network of the reinforcements. Experimental techniques to investigate the capillary effects and their evolution from post-mortem analyses to in-situ/rapid techniques compatible with both translucent and non-translucent reinforcements are reviewed. Approaches to control and enhance the capillary effects for improving composite quality are then introduced. This is complemented by a survey of numerical techniques to incorporate capillary effects in process simulation, material characterization and by the remaining challenges in the study of capillary effects in composite manufacturing.

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“…Such cases are not captured by Eqs. (1-2) and the transient, progressive impregnation mechanisms must instead be considered through an appropriate non-saturated flow law when applicable [9,10,11]. In RIP, single rovings are often used instead of fabrics, as it has some cost and structural benefits.…”

Section: Resin Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of resin-impregnation, heat-transfer and cure in a resin-injection pultrusion process

Sandberg

Rasmussen

Hattel

et al. 2019

AIP Conference Proceedings

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In this paper has a numerical framework for multiphysical simulation of resin-impregnation, heat-transfer and cure in a resin-injection pultrusion process been developed. Using the framework, the material flow through the pultrusion die was studied for the manufacture of a 100 mm thick glass fibre reinforced polyurethane (thermoset) composite profile. The results demonstrated that while curing is initiated near the heated die-walls, a yet stronger reaction is simultaneously obtained at the centre of the profile. The results were qualitatively compared to measurements from an industrial pultrusion line, which confirmed the trends of the material flow. * Estimated based on hexagonal stacking and a fibre radius of R = 17/2µm. † In-house data

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Modeling and simulation of filling in dual-scale fibrous reinforcements: state of the art and new methodology to quantify the sink effect

Cited by 7 publications

References 114 publications

Monitoring and modeling of part thickness evolution in vacuum infusion process

Monitoring and modeling of part thickness evolution in vacuum infusion process

Capillary Effects in Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Processing: A Review

Simulation of resin-impregnation, heat-transfer and cure in a resin-injection pultrusion process

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