Modeling and optimization for pneumatically pitch-interconnected suspensions of a vehicle

In this study, the focus is on reducing the energy that is consumed by a compressor for providing high air pressure in the reservoir. A new air suspension configuration is presented that is titled active interconnected air suspension with outsourced air pressure. In this configuration, a compressor is used to charge the tank; meanwhile, the air springs are connected. For minor excitation, first, the air flows between air springs to control roll angle and height adjustment. If the situation of body position gets worse, the compressed air tank compensates to keep the body not generating roll angle and bounce. This methodology has a benefit. This configuration conserves compressed air in the tank in minor road elevation. The optimized controllers are designed to control roll angle and bounce, but they determine the outsourced air mass flow rate. For switching between interconnection and outsourced mode, there are some rules defined based on game theory for a trade-off between high dynamical performance quality of the vehicle and reduction of energy consumption. The optimization is done on the rules to keep both aspects minimum as much as possible. A three-axle heavy truck is used, and its performance is under discussion on an uneven rough road. Roll angle is improved progressively in novel air suspension configuration, and the energy consumption is reduced. In the default condition, the roll angle is improved 72% from the passive case and 39% from the conventional configuration. Furthermore, the energy consumption optimized version reduces 14% from the non-optimized case and 46% from the outsourced mode. By importing road power spectral density type E and type G, as the short domain and high-frequency vibrations, to two sides of the truck, it is inferred that the vehicle could remain on interconnection mode entirely without using the compressor.

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“…This type of system cannot work correctly. The interconnection suspensions are divided into laterally 44 and longitudinally 45 separations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an optimized game controller for energy saving in a novel interconnected air suspension system

Nazemian

Masih‐Tehrani

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…(1) Set the number of the swarm particles as 100 for the outer loop MOPSO algorithm, that is, the pth generation outer swarm is [X1, X2, ..., X100] (the initial value of p is 1); (2) Select the design vector i X (the initial value of i is 1) in the pth generation outer swarm and enter into the inner-loop MOPSO algorithm; (3) Set the number of the swarm particles as 150 for the inner loop MOPSO algorithm, that is, the inner swarm is [U1, U2, ..., U150] for the nth generation (the initial value of n is 1); After performing the DL-MOPSO algorithm, the Pareto solution sets at different spring heights are illustrated in Figure 4, where F 1 and F 2 are values of F 1 (X) and F 2 (X) expressed in Equations (17) and (18).…”

Section: Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm Based On Dl-mopsomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After performing the DL-MOPSO algorithm, the Pareto solution sets at different spring heights are illustrated in Figure 4, where F1 and F2 are values of 1 ( ) F X and 2 ( ) F X expressed in Equations (17) and (18 It is indicated from Table 4 that the optimal value of x 1 (inner diameter of air line) is constant, while the optimal value of x 2 (inner diameter of connector) changes with spring height. The change of the inside area of the connectors can be realized through control valves placed in the connectors to change their inside areas, along with the control of spring height.…”

Section: Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm Based On Dl-mopsomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Geometric Parameters of Longitudinal-Connected Air Suspension Based on a Double-Loop Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

et al. 2018

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Longitudinal-connected air suspension has been proven to have desirable dynamic load-sharing performances for multi-axle heavy vehicles. However, optimization approaches towards the improvement of comprehensive vehicle performance through the geometric design of longitudinal-connected air suspension have been considerably lacking. To address this, based on a 5-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear model of a three-axle semi-trailer with longitudinal air suspension, taking the changes of driving conditions (road roughness, speed, and load) into account, a height control strategy of the longitudinal-connected air suspension was proposed. Then, in view of the height of the air spring under various driving conditions, the support vector regression method was employed to fit the relationship models between the performance indices and the driving conditions, as well as the suspension geometric parameters (inside diameters of the air line and the connectors). Finally, to tackle the uncertainties of driving conditions in the optimization of suspension geometric parameters, a double-loop multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (DL-MOPSO) was put forward based on the interval uncertainty theory. The simulation results indicate that compared with the longitudinal-connected air suspension using two traditional geometric parameters, the optimization ratios for dynamic load sharing coefficient and root-mean-square acceleration at various spring heights are between −1.04% and 20.75%, and 1.44% and 35.1%, respectively. Therefore, based on the signals measured from the suspension height sensors, through integrated control of inflation/deflation valves of air suspensions, as well as the valves' inside connectors and air lines, the proposed DL-MOPSO algorithm can improve the comprehensive driving performance of the longitudinal-connected three-axle semi-trailer effectively, and in response to changes in driving conditions.

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“…Antiroll bar (ARB) is one of typical IS, it only can improve the roll stability but sacrifice the comfortable and traffic‐ability under articulation road excitations. In recent decades, hydraulically IS system is widely concerned and developed into roll plane and pitch plane interconnection, the stiffness and damping force can be independently adjusted when required . The kinetic dynamic suspension systems (KDSS) belongs to the IS, and it consists of two pairs of torsional rods and levers connected through hinges, two double‐acting hydraulic cylinders acting on the levers, two accumulators and two pipelines for interconnecting all the above components .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust adaptive backstepping sliding mode control for motion mode decoupling of two‐axle vehicles with active kinetic dynamic suspension systems

Ding

Zhang

et al. 2020

Intl J Robust & Nonlinear

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A mode decoupling control strategy is proposed for the active Kinetic Dynamic Suspension Systems (KDSS) with electrohydrostatic actuator (EHA) to improve the roll and warp mode performances. A matrix transfer method is employed to derive the modes of body and wheel station motions for full vehicle with active KDSS. The additional mode stiffness produced by the active KDSS is obtained and quantitatively described with the typical physical parameters. A new hierarchical feedback control strategy is proposed for the active KDSS to improve the roll and warp motion performances and simultaneously accounting for nonlinear dynamics of the actuators with hydraulic uncertainties. H∞ static output-feedback control is employed to obtain the desirable mode forces, and a new projection-based adaptive backstepping sliding mode tracking controller is designed for EHA to deal with address the nonlinearity and parameters uncertainty. This controller is used to realize the desirable pressure difference of EHA required from the target mode forces. Numerical simulations are presented to compare the roll and warp performances between the active KDSS, conventional spring-damper suspension, and suspension with antiroll bar under typical excitation conditions. The evaluation indices are normalized and compared with radar chart. The obtained results illustrate that the proposed active KDSS with proposed controller does not produce additional warp motion for vehicle body, and has achieved more reasonable tire force distribution among wheel stations, the roll stability, road holding, and significantly improved ride comfort simultaneously.

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Modeling and optimization for pneumatically pitch-interconnected suspensions of a vehicle

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Development of an optimized game controller for energy saving in a novel interconnected air suspension system

Development of an optimized game controller for energy saving in a novel interconnected air suspension system

Optimization of Geometric Parameters of Longitudinal-Connected Air Suspension Based on a Double-Loop Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Robust adaptive backstepping sliding mode control for motion mode decoupling of two‐axle vehicles with active kinetic dynamic suspension systems

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