Modeling ammonium exchange and regeneration on clinoptilolite

The performance of BAF using natural zeolite as filter media under conditions of low temperature and ammonium shock load

“…It is a nonmetallic mineral with the characteristics of high porosity and large specific surface area. In addition, it is one ion exchanger with a high affinity for ammonium ion [4,5], which is reported to have a classical aluminosilicate cage like structure and therefore exhibits significant macroporosity [6]. Earlier studies have shown that clinoptilolite, and certain other natural zeolites can be effective in removing ammonia from wastewater [6][7][8], and has been used to enhance the nitrification of biofilter and equalize the ammonia peaks from secondary effluent [9][10][11].…”

Improving the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) by the addition of zeolite powder

“…In addition, it is one ion exchanger with a high affinity for ammonium ion [1][2], which is reported to have a classical aluminosilicate cage like structure and therefore exhibits significant macroporosity [3]. Earlier studies have shown that clinoptilolite, and certain other natural zeolites can be effective in removing ammonia from wastewater [3][4][5], and has been used to enhance the nitrification of biofilter and equalize the ammonia peaks from secondary effluent [6][7][8].…”

Water Sorption Purification from Ammonium Pollution

“…The analysis of the latest publications shows that investigations using natural sorbents are concentrated on the determination of ion-exchange capacity [3,4] or regeneration conditions [5,6]. Unfortunately there is no unique approach to the mechanism of occurred processes.…”