Model Validations and Predictions for Water Barrier Defense

Abstract

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to

Generalized Hydrodynamics with Viscoplasticity for Channeling in Saturated Sand

“…(7) together with the non-negativity of the volume fractions yields Eqs. (5) and (6). Also, the non-negativity of these variables is preserved by the solution of Eqs.…”

“…For example, in a shallow depth explosion (which does not vent), a plume of water is ejected upward above the bubble as the bubble attains its maximum volume. At the same time, another jet of water flows downward from the plume through the bubble as it begins its collapse [4,5,6].…”

“…Manuscript approved December 16, 1999. In previous work [5,6,[10][11][12][13], the authors and colleagues have developed a computational capability for free surface flows in an incompressible fluid based on a generalized hydrodynamics model. The code BUB2D has been used to simulate two-dimensional (2-D) or axially symmetric problems, and BUB3D simulates fully three-dimensional (3-D) flows.…”

“…While these codes have been applied to many flow situations, the most relevant to surf-zone explosive cratering problems are the examples of shallow depth explosions in a single incompressible species (water) [5,6]. The presence of saturated sand complicates the situation, primarily due to its dual dynamical properties.…”

Water Barrier Ship Self Defense Lethality

“…The key and unique feature of the Water Barrier hydrodynamic model is the computation of the long-term bubble dynamics of multiple underwater explosions at shallow detonation depths. Szymczak and Higdon (1998) provide details of the plume structure that is generated from the shallow detonation of multiple charges using both experimental measurements as well as computational predictions from a hydrodynamic model. Figure 3 shows the complex nature of the Water Barrier plume cross section generated from the shallow detonation of a line of multiple underwater explosives.…”