Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979–2016

Drugé, Thomas; Nabat, Pierre; Mallet, Marc; Somot, Samuel

doi:10.5194/acp-19-3707-2019

Cited by 27 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…The numerical simulation is performed with the state‐of‐the‐art, fully coupled RCSM model CNRM‐RCSM6 (participating in the Med‐CORDEX initiative; Ruti et al ()) developed in CNRM (see Nabat et al, ; Sevault et al, ; Somot et al, , for previous versions). It has a 12‐km resolution atmospheric and land component (ALADIN‐Climate v6, 91 vertical levels; Daniel et al ()), a 50‐km river model (CTRIP; Decharme et al, ), an interactive aerosol scheme (TACTIC; Drugé et al ()), and a 6‐ to 8‐km ocean model (NEMOMED12; 75 vertical levels, Beuvier et al, ; Hamon et al, ). The coupling strategy follows Voldoire et al () with 1‐hr coupling frequency (OASIS3‐MCT; Craig et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past Variability of Mediterranean Sea Marine Heatwaves

Darmaraki

Somot

Sevault

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are episodes of anomalous warming in the ocean, responsible for widespread impacts on marine ecosystems. For the first time summer MHW variability at surface and three ecosystem‐relevant depths of the upper Mediterranean Sea are assessed here for 1982–2017. We apply a MHW detection algorithm on a hindcast simulation, performed with a high‐resolution, fully coupled regional climate system model. Identified surface events last, on average, 15 days with a mean intensity of 0.6 °C above threshold and a maximum sea surface coverage of around 39%. Subsurface events are seasonally shifted and appear, on average, longer and more intense but less frequent and less extended in space than surface MHWs. We also find significant trends of increase in most MHW properties throughout the period, with severe surface MHWs detected for the first time in 2012, 2015, and 2017. However, MHW spatial ≪ hot spots ≫ are inhomogeneously distributed in surface and deeper layers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past Variability of Mediterranean Sea Marine Heatwaves

Darmaraki

Somot

Sevault

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 , AN) particles represent an important type of the anthropogenic aerosol (Bian et al, 2017; Drugé et al, 2019; Petetin et al, 2016; Tao et al, 2017; Y. Wang et al, 2013; Xu & Penner, 2012). Particulate AN is generated by the reaction between gaseous ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ), the latter being formed by the oxidation of NO x species, that is, nitric oxide (NO) and nitric dioxide (NO 2 ) (Nowak et al, 2010; Paulot et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Ammonium Nitrate Aerosols as Efficient Ice Nucleating Particles at Cirrus Temperatures

et al. 2020

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Recent satellite observations and high-altitude aircraft measurements have demonstrated the presence of solid ammonium nitrate particles in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere. Most likely, these particles are formed by a heterogeneous crystallization mechanism, given that efflorescence is strongly inhibited for pure ammonium nitrate solution droplets. Crystallization can be induced by the presence of ammonium sulfate, which more easily crystallizes and serves as a heterogeneous nucleus for the crystallization of ammonium nitrate. In the present study, we have investigated this crystallization pathway for different amounts of ammonium sulfate admixed to ammonium nitrate solution droplets and measured the heterogeneous ice nucleation ability of the crystallized particles at cirrus temperatures in a cloud chamber and with a continuous flow diffusion chamber. We found that an admixture of only 0.6 mol% of ammonium sulfate was sufficient to induce the crystallization of ammonium nitrate at 223 K and 22% RH w . These almost pure, crystalline ammonium nitrate particles showed the same temperature-dependent ice nucleation behavior as observed for other inorganic salts like ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride. At temperatures above 230 K, the crystalline ammonium nitrate particles first deliquesced and nucleated ice homogeneously at ice saturation ratios between about 1.45 and 1.50. Below 230 K, heterogeneous ice nucleation was observed to start at an ice saturation ratio as low as 1.13. The deduced ice nucleation active surface site densities were in the range from 10 10 -10 11 m −2 at ice saturation ratios between 1.2 and 1.4, thus similar in magnitude to those of desert dust particles.

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“…Second, MACv2 appears as a rather obvious data set to enlarge to other aerosol properties an analysis using MACv2‐SP which describes only anthropogenic aerosol properties. Lastly, the evaluation of our model outputs in terms of aerosols against observations from the real world is not presented here as it had already been done in a previous version of TACTIC (Michou et al, ) and then in several other papers following the evolution of the scheme (Drugé et al, ; Nabat et al, ; Watson et al, ), as well as “in‐house,” all along model developments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over China and Europe, the negative bias could be due, for a part, to the absence of nitrate aerosols in TACTIC_v2. Indeed, such aerosols can cause an additional AOD of about 0.1 over China (Bellouin et al, ) and of about 0.08–0.1 over Europe (Drugé et al, ). Over South Asia, the AOD negative bias is an identified issue detected in different GCMs (Pan et al, ).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Pd Characteristics Of Aerosols and Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Present‐Day and Historical Aerosol and Ozone Characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 Simulations

Michou

Nabat

Saint‐Martin

et al. 2020

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Characteristics and radiative forcing of the aerosol and ozone fields of two configurations of the Centre National de Recherches Météoroglogiques (CNRM) and Cerfacs climate model are analyzed over the historical period (1850-2014), using several Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. CNRM-CM6-1 is the atmosphere-ocean general circulation model including prescribed aerosols and a linear stratospheric ozone scheme, while the Earth System Model CNRM-ESM2-1 has interactive tropospheric aerosols and chemistry of the midtroposphere aloft. The representations of aerosols and ozone in CNRM-CM6-1 are issued from simulations of CNRM-ESM2-1, and this ensures some comparability of both representations. In particular, present-day anthropogenic aerosol optical depths are similar (0.018), and their spatial patterns correspond to those of reference data sets such as MACv2 and MACv2-SP despite a negative bias. Effective radiative forcings (ERFs) have been estimated using 30-year fixed sea surface temperature simulations (piClim) and several calls to the radiative scheme. Present-day anthropogenic aerosol ERF, aerosol-radiation ERF, and aerosol cloud ERF are fully within CMIP5 estimates and, respectively, equal to −1.10, −0.36, and −0.81 W m −2 for CNRM-CM6-1 and −0.21, −0.61, and −0.74 W m −2 for CNRM-ESM2-1. Additional CMIP6-type piClim simulations show that these differences are mainly due to the interactivity of the aerosol scheme whose impact is confirmed when assessing the response of both climate model configurations to rising CO 2 . Present-day stratospheric ozone ERF, equal to −0.04 W m −2 , is in agreement with that of the CMIP6 ozone. No trend appears in the ozone ERF over the historical period although the evolution of the total column ozone is correctly simulated. Plain Language SummaryThe manuscript documents the Météo-France Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques aerosol-chemistry modeling contributions to the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project that supports the sixth IPCC Assessment Report of climate change. It establishes that their results are suitable for use by the scientific community in the analysis of the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project experiments. The authors provide an evaluation of the model performance in both present-day and historical (1850-2014) contexts, as well as a detailed analysis of the model calculated effective radiative forcing due to ozone and aerosols.

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Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979–2016

Cited by 27 publications

References 78 publications

Past Variability of Mediterranean Sea Marine Heatwaves

Past Variability of Mediterranean Sea Marine Heatwaves

Solid Ammonium Nitrate Aerosols as Efficient Ice Nucleating Particles at Cirrus Temperatures

Present‐Day and Historical Aerosol and Ozone Characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 Simulations

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